वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-29, verse-12

अपि तां मद्वियोगाच्च सौकुमार्याच्च भामिनीम् ।
न दूरं पीडयेत् कामः शरद्गुणनिरन्तरः ॥१२॥

12. api tāṃ madviyogācca saukumāryācca bhāminīm ,
na dūraṃ pīḍayet kāmaḥ śaradguṇanirantaraḥ.

12. api tām madviyogāt ca saukumāryāt ca bhāminīm
na dūram pīḍayet kāmaḥ śaradguṇanirantaraḥ

12. api śaradguṇanirantaraḥ kāmaḥ madviyogāt ca
saukumāryāt ca tām bhāminīm na dūram pīḍayet

12. May Kāma (desire), constantly intensified by autumnal qualities, not greatly torment that beautiful woman (bhāminī), especially due to her separation from me and her inherent delicacy.

Words meanings summery:

• अपि (api) - (particle indicating hope/doubt, 'may it not be that') (even, also, too, particle indicating question or doubt)

• ताम् (tām) - that (beautiful woman) (her, that (feminine accusative))

• मद्वियोगात् (madviyogāt) - due to her separation from me (from separation from me, due to my separation)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सौकुमार्यात् (saukumāryāt) - due to her tenderness (from tenderness, from delicacy, due to softness)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भामिनीम् (bhāminīm) - that beautiful woman (the beloved) (the beautiful woman, a passionate woman, a charming woman)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• दूरम् (dūram) - greatly, too severely (far, distant, greatly, severely)

• पीडयेत् (pīḍayet) - may torment (may torment, should oppress, might afflict)

• कामः (kāmaḥ) - Kāma (desire/Cupid) (desire, love, Cupid)

• शरद्गुणनिरन्तरः (śaradguṇanirantaraḥ) - constantly intensified by autumnal qualities (constantly possessing autumnal qualities, inseparably joined with autumn's attributes)

Words meanings and morphology

अपि (api) - (particle indicating hope/doubt, 'may it not be that') (even, also, too, particle indicating question or doubt)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here implies a wish or hope that something *does not* happen.

ताम् (tām) - that (beautiful woman) (her, that (feminine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the beloved.

मद्वियोगात् (madviyogāt) - due to her separation from me (from separation from me, due to my separation)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of madviyoga

madviyoga - separation from me

Compound: mad (my) + viyoga (separation)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mad+viyoga)

• asmad – I, me, my
  pronoun
  Ablative/Genitive singular of `asmad`
• viyoga – separation, disunion
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from `vi` (apart) + root `yuj` (to join)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Expresses cause.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `madviyogāt` and `saukumāryāt`.

सौकुमार्यात् (saukumāryāt) - due to her tenderness (from tenderness, from delicacy, due to softness)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of saukumārya

saukumārya - tenderness, delicacy, softness

Derived from `sukumāra` (very tender, delicate)

Note: Expresses cause.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `madviyogāt` and `saukumāryāt`.

भामिनीम् (bhāminīm) - that beautiful woman (the beloved) (the beautiful woman, a passionate woman, a charming woman)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāminī

bhāminī - a beautiful, passionate, or charming woman

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Object of `pīḍayet`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates `pīḍayet`.

दूरम् (dūram) - greatly, too severely (far, distant, greatly, severely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

पीडयेत् (pīḍayet) - may torment (may torment, should oppress, might afflict)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pīḍ

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

Root `pīḍ` (10th class or causative of `piḍ`) in optative, parasmaipada.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Implies a wish or apprehension.

कामः (kāmaḥ) - Kāma (desire/Cupid) (desire, love, Cupid)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, Cupid (Hindu deity of love)

From root `kam` (to desire)

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Agent of `pīḍayet`.

शरद्गुणनिरन्तरः (śaradguṇanirantaraḥ) - constantly intensified by autumnal qualities (constantly possessing autumnal qualities, inseparably joined with autumn's attributes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaradguṇanirantara

śaradguṇanirantara - having continuous autumnal qualities, inseparable from autumnal qualities

Bahuvrihi compound: `śarad` (autumn) + `guṇa` (quality) + `nirantara` (continuous, uninterrupted). Describes Kāma as being continuously accompanied by or enhanced by autumnal attributes. Autumn is a season for intensified love.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śarad+guṇa+nirantara)

• śarad – autumn
  noun (feminine)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• nirantara – continuous, uninterrupted, constant
  adjective
  From `nis` (without) + `antara` (interval)
  Prefix: nis

Note: Qualifies `kāmaḥ`.