वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-29, verse-19

सलक्ष्मणं लक्ष्मणमप्रधृष्यं स्वभावजं वाक्यमुवाच रामः ।
हितं च पथ्यं च नयप्रसक्तं ससामधर्मार्थसमाहितं च ॥१९॥

19. salakṣmaṇaṃ lakṣmaṇamapradhṛṣyaṃ svabhāvajaṃ vākyamuvāca rāmaḥ ,
hitaṃ ca pathyaṃ ca nayaprasaktaṃ sasāmadharmārthasamāhitaṃ ca.

19. salakṣmaṇam lakṣmaṇam apradhṛṣyam
svabhāvajam vākyam uvāca rāmaḥ
hitam ca pathyam ca nayaprasaktam
sasāmadharmārthasamāhitam ca

19. rāmaḥ salakṣmaṇam apradhṛṣyam
lakṣmaṇam svabhāvajam hitam ca
pathyam ca nayaprasaktam
sasāmadharmārthasamāhitam ca vākyam uvāca

19. Rama spoke to the auspiciously marked and unassailable Lakshmana words that were inherently fitting. These words were beneficial and wholesome, pertaining to strategy, and encompassing conciliation, natural law (dharma), and practical purpose (artha).

Words meanings summery:

• सलक्ष्मणम् (salakṣmaṇam) - to Lakshmana (who was) with auspicious marks, possessing good signs

• लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - to Lakshmana

• अप्रधृष्यम् (apradhṛṣyam) - unassailable, invincible, not to be overpowered

• स्वभावजम् (svabhāvajam) - naturally arising, inherent, spontaneous

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, words, utterance

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, salutary, good

• च (ca) - and, also

• पथ्यम् (pathyam) - wholesome, proper, suitable

• च (ca) - and, also

• नयप्रसक्तम् (nayaprasaktam) - connected with policy, full of wise counsel

• ससामधर्मार्थसमाहितम् (sasāmadharmārthasamāhitam) - imbued with conciliation, (natural) law, and purpose

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

सलक्ष्मणम् (salakṣmaṇam) - to Lakshmana (who was) with auspicious marks, possessing good signs

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of salakṣmaṇa

salakṣmaṇa - having good marks, auspiciously marked; accompanied by Lakshmana (less likely here as it modifies Lakshmana)

From sa (with) + lakṣmaṇa (mark, sign).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+lakṣmaṇa)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  From saha.
• lakṣmaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic
  noun (neuter)
  From √lakṣ (to mark, perceive).
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Modifies lakṣmaṇam.

लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - to Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (Rama's brother)

अप्रधृष्यम् (apradhṛṣyam) - unassailable, invincible, not to be overpowered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apradhṛṣya

apradhṛṣya - not to be assailed, unconquerable, invincible

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle) in negative form

From a (not) + pra-√dhṛṣ (to dare, attack) + ṇyat (gerundive suffix).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+pradhṛṣya)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pradhṛṣya – to be assailed, assaultable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From pra-√dhṛṣ (to dare, attack) + ṇyat suffix.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Modifies lakṣmaṇam.

स्वभावजम् (svabhāvajam) - naturally arising, inherent, spontaneous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svabhāvajam

svabhāvajam - born of one's own nature, inherent, natural

From svabhāva (one's own nature) + ja (born, produced from).

Compound type : tatpurusha (svabhāva+ja)

• svabhāva – one's own being, inherent nature, intrinsic nature, disposition
  noun (masculine)
  From sva (own) + bhāva (state of being, nature).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• sva – own, self
  pronoun
• bhāva – being, existence, state, nature, disposition
  noun (masculine)
  From √bhū (to be, become) + gha suffix.
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• ja – born, produced from, originating in
  adjective (masculine)
  From √jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Modifies vākyam.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, words, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

From vac (to speak) + ṇya suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular

From root √vac, perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a celebrated hero, son of Dasaratha)

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, salutary, good

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, salutary, suitable, friendly

Past Passive Participle

From √dhā (to place, set) with hi substitution, + kta suffix.

Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पथ्यम् (pathyam) - wholesome, proper, suitable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pathya

pathya - suitable, proper, wholesome, salutary (lit. belonging to the path)

Gerundive

From patha (path) + ya suffix.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नयप्रसक्तम् (nayaprasaktam) - connected with policy, full of wise counsel

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nayaprasakta

nayaprasakta - connected with policy or prudence, attached to guiding principles

Past Passive Participle (prasakta) within compound

Compound of naya (policy) and prasakta (attached, connected).

Compound type : tatpurusha (naya+prasakta)

• naya – conduct, policy, prudence, strategy, guiding principle
  noun (masculine)
  From √nī (to lead, guide).
  Root: nī (class 1)
• prasakta – attached, connected with, intent on, engaged in
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra-√sañj (to attach, cling to) + kta suffix.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sañj (class 1)

ससामधर्मार्थसमाहितम् (sasāmadharmārthasamāhitam) - imbued with conciliation, (natural) law, and purpose

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sasāmadharmārthasamāhita

sasāmadharmārthasamāhita - well-composed/endowed with conciliation, natural law (dharma), and practical purpose (artha)

Past Passive Participle (samāhita) within compound, preceded by a list of nouns (sāma, dharma, artha).

Compound of sāma (conciliation), dharma (natural law), artha (purpose), and samāhita (placed together, composed of).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sāma+dharma+artha+samāhita)

• sāma – conciliation, gentle speech, soothing words (one of the four Upayas)
  noun (neuter)
  From √sā (to bind) or saman (calm).
  Root: sā (class 3)
• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to hold, support) + man suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, practical aim, object
  noun (masculine)
  From √ṛ (to go) + tha suffix.
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• samāhita – composed, collected, absorbed, endowed with, well-placed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam-ā-√dhā (to put together, compose, fix) + kta suffix.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: This entire long compound modifies vākyam (understood).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)