वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-29, verse-1

गुहां प्रविष्टे सुग्रीवे विमुक्ते गगने घनैः ।
वर्षरात्रोषितो रामः कामशोकाभिपीडितः ॥१॥

1. guhāṃ praviṣṭe sugrīve vimukte gagane ghanaiḥ ,
varṣarātroṣito rāmaḥ kāmaśokābhipīḍitaḥ.

1. guhām praviṣṭe sugrīve vimukte gagane ghanaiḥ
varṣarātroṣitaḥ rāmaḥ kāmaśokābhipīḍitaḥ

1. rāmaḥ varṣarātroṣitaḥ kāmaśokābhipīḍitaḥ
guhām praviṣṭe sugrīve gagane ghanaiḥ vimukte

1. When Sugrīva had retired to the cave and the sky was freed from clouds, Rāma, who had spent the nights of the rainy season there, was greatly afflicted by both desire and sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• गुहाम् (guhām) - to the cave, into the cave

• प्रविष्टे (praviṣṭe) - when Sugrīva (had entered) (having entered, in the state of having entered, when entered)

• सुग्रीवे (sugrīve) - when Sugrīva (had entered) (in Sugrīva, when Sugrīva)

• विमुक्ते (vimukte) - when the sky (was freed) (released, freed, set free, when freed)

• गगने (gagane) - when the sky (was freed) (in the sky, when the sky)

• घनैः (ghanaiḥ) - by clouds, by dense masses

• वर्षरात्रोषितः (varṣarātroṣitaḥ) - who had dwelt during the rainy nights/season

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

• कामशोकाभिपीडितः (kāmaśokābhipīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by desire and sorrow

Words meanings and morphology

गुहाम् (guhām) - to the cave, into the cave

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of guhā

guhā - cave, grotto, hiding place

प्रविष्टे (praviṣṭe) - when Sugrīva (had entered) (having entered, in the state of having entered, when entered)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, gone in, having entered

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'sugrīve'.

सुग्रीवे (sugrīve) - when Sugrīva (had entered) (in Sugrīva, when Sugrīva)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (name of the monkey king)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'praviṣṭe'.

विमुक्ते (vimukte) - when the sky (was freed) (released, freed, set free, when freed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vimukta

vimukta - released, freed, liberated

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'gagane'.

गगने (gagane) - when the sky (was freed) (in the sky, when the sky)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gagana

gagana - sky, atmosphere, ether

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'vimukte'.

घनैः (ghanaiḥ) - by clouds, by dense masses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ghana

ghana - cloud, dense, thick, mass

वर्षरात्रोषितः (varṣarātroṣitaḥ) - who had dwelt during the rainy nights/season

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varṣarātroṣita

varṣarātroṣita - one who has passed the rainy season/nights

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣārātra+uṣita)

• varṣārātra – nights of the rainy season, rainy season
  noun (neuter)
• uṣita – dwelt, resided, stayed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: vas (class 1)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of the hero)

कामशोकाभिपीडितः (kāmaśokābhipīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by desire and sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmaśokābhipīḍita

kāmaśokābhipīḍita - one afflicted by desire and sorrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+śoka+abhipīḍita)

• kāma – desire, love, wish
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• abhipīḍita – oppressed, afflicted, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)