वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-29, verse-32

चत्वारो वार्षिका मासा गता वर्षशतोपमाः ।
मम शोकाभितप्तस्य सौम्य सीतामपश्यतः ॥३२॥

32. catvāro vārṣikā māsā gatā varṣaśatopamāḥ ,
mama śokābhitaptasya saumya sītāmapaśyataḥ.

32. catvāraḥ vārṣikāḥ māsāḥ gatāḥ varṣaśatopamāḥ
mama śokābhitaptasya saumya sītām apaśyataḥ

32. saumya mama sītām apaśyataḥ śokābhitaptasya
catvāraḥ vārṣikāḥ māsāḥ varṣaśatopamāḥ gatāḥ

32. O gentle one, four months of the rainy season, which felt like a hundred years, have passed for me, who am tormented by grief and am unable to see Sītā.

Words meanings summery:

• चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

• वार्षिकाः (vārṣikāḥ) - rainy, pertaining to the rainy season

• मासाः (māsāḥ) - months

• गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, passed

• वर्षशतोपमाः (varṣaśatopamāḥ) - like a hundred years, resembling a century

• मम (mama) - my, for me

• शोकाभितप्तस्य (śokābhitaptasya) - of me afflicted by sorrow, tormented by grief

• सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one, O mild one

• सीताम् (sītām) - Sītā (name of Rama's wife)

• अपश्यतः (apaśyataḥ) - of me not seeing, of me who does not see

Words meanings and morphology

चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

(numeral)

वार्षिकाः (vārṣikāḥ) - rainy, pertaining to the rainy season

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vārṣika

vārṣika - annual, rainy, belonging to the rainy season

From varṣā (rain, rainy season) + ṭhak (taddhita suffix).

Note: Agrees with māsāḥ.

मासाः (māsāḥ) - months

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month, moon

From √mā (to measure).

Root: mā (class 2)

गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, passed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, passed, departed, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From root √gam (to go) + suffix -kta.

Root: gam (class 1)

वर्षशतोपमाः (varṣaśatopamāḥ) - like a hundred years, resembling a century

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṣaśatopama

varṣaśatopama - comparable to a hundred years

Compound of varṣaśata (hundred years) + upama (similar, comparable).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (varṣaśata+upama)

• varṣaśata – hundred years, century
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of varṣa (year) + śata (hundred).
• upama – similar, comparable, resembling
  adjective (masculine)
  From prefix upa- + root √mā (to measure) + suffix -a (kṛt).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with māsāḥ.

मम (mama) - my, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

First person pronoun.

Note: Qualifies śokābhitaptasya and apaśyataḥ.

शोकाभितप्तस्य (śokābhitaptasya) - of me afflicted by sorrow, tormented by grief

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śokābhitapta

śokābhitapta - afflicted by sorrow, tormented by grief

Compound of śoka (sorrow) + abhitapta (tormented, distressed).

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (śoka+abhitapta)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root √śuc (to grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• abhitapta – tormented, afflicted, heated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix abhi- + root √tap (to heat, torment) + suffix -kta.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied 'I' (mama).

सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one, O mild one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - gentle, mild, benevolent, relating to Soma or the moon

From Soma (the moon) + ya (taddhita suffix).

सीताम् (sītām) - Sītā (name of Rama's wife)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā (proper noun, name of Janaka's daughter, Rama's wife)

Note: Object of apaśyataḥ.

अपश्यतः (apaśyataḥ) - of me not seeing, of me who does not see

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing, not perceiving

Present Active Participle (negative)

From prefix a- (negation) + present stem paśyat of √dṛś (to see).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+paśyat)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle/prefix.
• paśyat – seeing, observing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From present stem paśya of √dṛś (to see) + -at suffix.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied 'I' (mama).