महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-57, verse-55

ह्रदाः कूपाश्च रुधिरमुद्वेमुर्नृपसत्तम ।
नद्यश्च सुमहावेगाः प्रतिस्रोतोवहाभवन् ॥५५॥

55. hradāḥ kūpāśca rudhiramudvemurnṛpasattama ,
nadyaśca sumahāvegāḥ pratisrotovahābhavan.

55. hradāḥ kūpāḥ ca rudhiram udvemuḥ nṛpasattama |
nadyaḥ ca sumahāvegāḥ pratisrotovahāḥ abhavan

55. nṛpasattama hradāḥ kūpāḥ ca rudhiram udvemuḥ
ca sumahāvegāḥ nadyaḥ pratisrotovahāḥ abhavan

55. O best among kings, lakes and wells gushed forth blood, and rivers, with very great currents, began to flow against their usual course.

Words meanings summery:

• ह्रदाः (hradāḥ) - lakes, ponds

• कूपाः (kūpāḥ) - wells

• च (ca) - and

• रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

• उद्वेमुः (udvemuḥ) - they gushed forth, they vomited

• नृपसत्तम (nṛpasattama) - O best among kings

• नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers

• च (ca) - and

• सुमहावेगाः (sumahāvegāḥ) - with very great currents, of very great speed

• प्रतिस्रोतोवहाः (pratisrotovahāḥ) - flowing against the current

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

Words meanings and morphology

ह्रदाः (hradāḥ) - lakes, ponds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hrada

hrada - lake, pond, deep pool

कूपाः (kūpāḥ) - wells

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kūpa

kūpa - well, pit, cavity

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rudhira

rudhira - blood; red

उद्वेमुः (udvemuḥ) - they gushed forth, they vomited

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vam

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root vam, class 1, Parasmaipada, Liṭ (Perfect), with prefix ud

Prefix: ud

Root: vam (class 1)

नृपसत्तम (nṛpasattama) - O best among kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpasattama

nṛpasattama - best of kings, most excellent king

Compound of nṛpa (king) and sattama (best, most excellent)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+sattama)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of sat (good, existing)

नद्यः (nadyaḥ) - rivers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nadī

nadī - river

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सुमहावेगाः (sumahāvegāḥ) - with very great currents, of very great speed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sumahāvega

sumahāvega - of very great speed or current

Compound of su (very), mahā (great), and vega (speed/current)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+mahā+vega)

• su – good, excellent, very, well
  indeclinable
• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• vega – speed, velocity, current, force
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with nadyaḥ

प्रतिस्रोतोवहाः (pratisrotovahāḥ) - flowing against the current

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pratisrotovaha

pratisrotovaha - flowing against the stream or current

Compound of prati (against), srotas (stream/current), and vaha (carrying/flowing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prati+srotas+vaha)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
• srotas – stream, current, flow
  noun (neuter)
• vaha – carrying, bearing, flowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root vah (to carry, flow)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with nadyaḥ

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root bhū, class 1, Parasmaipada, Laṅ (Imperfect)

Root: bhū (class 1)