महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-57, verse-40

तमापतन्तं संप्रेक्ष्य संरब्धममितौजसम् ।
मोघमस्य प्रहारं तं चिकीर्षुर्भरतर्षभ ॥४०॥

40. tamāpatantaṁ saṁprekṣya saṁrabdhamamitaujasam ,
moghamasya prahāraṁ taṁ cikīrṣurbharatarṣabha.

40. tam āpatantam samprekṣya saṃrabdham amitaujasam
| mogham asya prahāram tam cikīrṣuḥ bharatarṣabha

40. bharatarṣabha,
saṃrabdham amitaujasam tam āpatantam samprekṣya,
asya tam prahāram mogham cikīrṣuḥ.

40. O best of the Bhāratas, seeing him (Bhīmasena) approaching, enraged and of immeasurable might, Duryodhana desired to render his (Bhīma's) strike futile.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Bhīmasena) (him, that)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, falling upon)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - seeing, perceiving (having seen well, having perceived, having observed)

• संरब्धम् (saṁrabdham) - enraged (enraged, furious, agitated)

• अमितौजसम् (amitaujasam) - of immense power, of immeasurable might

• मोघम् (mogham) - futile (futile, vain, useless)

• अस्य (asya) - his (Bhīma's) (his, of this one)

• प्रहारम् (prahāram) - strike (blow, strike, attack)

• तम् (tam) - that (strike) (that, him)

• चिकीर्षुः (cikīrṣuḥ) - desired to render (futile) (wishing to do, desiring to make)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Bhīmasena) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhīmasena.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, falling upon)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling, descending

Present Active Participle

Derived from ā-pat (to fall towards, approach) with present participle suffix -at.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies tam.

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - seeing, perceiving (having seen well, having perceived, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root īkṣ (to see) with prefixes sam and pra and suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

संरब्धम् (saṁrabdham) - enraged (enraged, furious, agitated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃrabdha

saṁrabdha - enraged, agitated, violent, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from sam-rabh (to become agitated, furious) with suffix -ta.

Prefix: sam

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies tam (Bhīmasena).

अमितौजसम् (amitaujasam) - of immense power, of immeasurable might

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amitaujas

amitaujas - of immeasurable strength or energy

Bahuvrīhi compound: amita (immeasurable) + ojas (power).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amita+ojas)

• amita – immeasurable, unlimited
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle (negative compound)
  Negative prefix a- with mita (measured, from mā).
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 2)
• ojas – power, energy, vigor, might
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies tam (Bhīmasena).

मोघम् (mogham) - futile (futile, vain, useless)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mogha

mogha - vain, useless, futile, ineffective

Note: Qualifies prahāram.

अस्य (asya) - his (Bhīma's) (his, of this one)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhīmasena.

प्रहारम् (prahāram) - strike (blow, strike, attack)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prahāra

prahāra - blow, stroke, attack, assault

Derived from pra-hṛ (to strike).

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of cikīrṣuḥ.

तम् (tam) - that (strike) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies prahāram.

चिकीर्षुः (cikīrṣuḥ) - desired to render (futile) (wishing to do, desiring to make)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cikīrṣu

cikīrṣu - wishing to do, desirous of doing, intending to act

Desiderative Agent Noun / Agent Participle

Desiderative stem of kṛ (to do) + agent suffix -u. Functions as an adjective/agent noun.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana (implied subject).

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, chief of the Bharatas, best of the Bharatas

Tatpuruṣa compound of bharata and ṛṣabha.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a Bharata
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra.