महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-57, verse-29

तयोः समभवद्युद्धं घोररूपमसंवृतम् ।
गदानिपातै राजेन्द्र तक्षतोर्वै परस्परम् ॥२९॥

29. tayoḥ samabhavadyuddhaṁ ghorarūpamasaṁvṛtam ,
gadānipātai rājendra takṣatorvai parasparam.

29. tayoḥ samabhavat yuddham ghorarūpam asaṃvṛtam
gadānipātaiḥ rājendra takṣatoḥ vai parasparam

29. rājendra tayoḥ ghorarūpam asaṃvṛtam yuddham samabhavat vai,
gadānipātaiḥ parasparam takṣatoḥ.

29. O best of kings, an intensely fierce and unrestrained battle (yuddha) occurred between the two of them, as they struck each other with their mace-blows.

Words meanings summery:

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of them, of those two

• समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose, occurred, came into being

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, warfare

• घोररूपम् (ghorarūpam) - of terrible form, terrifying, dreadful

• असंवृतम् (asaṁvṛtam) - unrestrained, unhindered, intense, unconcealed

• गदानिपातैः (gadānipātaiḥ) - by mace-blows, with blows from maces

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings, O best of kings, O sovereign

• तक्षतोः (takṣatoḥ) - of them striking, of them hewing

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, each other, reciprocally

Words meanings and morphology

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of them, of those two

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Can also be locative dual. Here genitive, referring to the two warriors.

समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose, occurred, came into being

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of sambhū

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, warfare

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight

Past Passive Participle

From root yudh- 'to fight'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

घोररूपम् (ghorarūpam) - of terrible form, terrifying, dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghorarūpa

ghorarūpa - of terrible form, terrifying, dreadful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ghora+rūpa)

• ghora – terrible, dreadful, fearful
  adjective
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, nature
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `yuddham`.

असंवृतम् (asaṁvṛtam) - unrestrained, unhindered, intense, unconcealed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asaṃvṛta

asaṁvṛta - unrestrained, unhindered, intense, unconcealed

Past Passive Participle (negative)

From root vṛ- 'to cover, to restrain', with prefix sam- and negative particle a-.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+saṃvṛta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• saṃvṛta – covered, restrained, enclosed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛ- 'to cover, to restrain', with prefix sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `yuddham`.

गदानिपातैः (gadānipātaiḥ) - by mace-blows, with blows from maces

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gadānipāta

gadānipāta - mace-blow, fall of a mace

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gadā+nipāta)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• nipāta – fall, striking, blow
  noun (masculine)
  From root pat- 'to fall', with prefix ni-.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: pat (class 1)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings, O best of kings, O sovereign

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, sovereign, emperor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord (often as a suffix meaning 'best')
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used as an address to the listener.

तक्षतोः (takṣatoḥ) - of them striking, of them hewing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of takṣat

takṣat - striking, hewing, carving

Present Active Participle

From root takṣ- 'to cut, to hew, to strike'.

Root: takṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `tayoḥ`.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, each other, reciprocally

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially as 'each other'.