महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-57, verse-12

अपि चोशनसा गीतः श्रूयतेऽयं पुरातनः ।
श्लोकस्तत्त्वार्थसहितस्तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥१२॥

12. api cośanasā gītaḥ śrūyate'yaṁ purātanaḥ ,
ślokastattvārthasahitastanme nigadataḥ śṛṇu.

12. api ca uśanasā gītaḥ śrūyate ayam purātanaḥ |
ślokaḥ tattvārtha-sahitaḥ tat me nigadataḥ śṛṇu

12. api ca,
uśanasā gītaḥ,
ayam purātanaḥ tattvārtha-sahitaḥ ślokaḥ śrūyate.
tat me nigadataḥ (tvam) śṛṇu.

12. Moreover, this ancient verse, imbued with profound meaning, sung by Uśanas (Śukrācārya), is heard. Therefore, listen as I recite it to you.

Words meanings summery:

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• च (ca) - and, also

• उशनसा (uśanasā) - by Uśanas (Śukrācārya)

• गीतः (gītaḥ) - sung

• श्रूयते (śrūyate) - is heard

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

• पुरातनः (purātanaḥ) - ancient, old

• श्लोकः (ślokaḥ) - verse, stanza, fame

• तत्त्वार्थ-सहितः (tattvārtha-sahitaḥ) - accompanied by the true meaning, containing the essence of truth, imbued with profound meaning

• तत् (tat) - therefore, thus

• मे (me) - from me, my, to me

• निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - of me speaking, from me who is speaking

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

Words meanings and morphology

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उशनसा (uśanasā) - by Uśanas (Śukrācārya)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of uśanas

uśanas - Uśanas (proper name of Śukrācārya)

Instrumental singular

Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Agent of the passive `gītaḥ`.

गीतः (gītaḥ) - sung

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gīta

gai - to sing

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root √gai, masculine nominative singular

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle.

श्रूयते (śrūyate) - is heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śru

present passive

3rd person singular, present tense, passive voice

Root: śru (class 5)

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Masculine nominative singular

Note: Agrees with `ślokaḥ`.

पुरातनः (purātanaḥ) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, traditional

Masculine nominative singular

Root: purā

Note: Agrees with `ślokaḥ`.

श्लोकः (ślokaḥ) - verse, stanza, fame

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śloka

śloka - verse, stanza, fame

Masculine nominative singular

Root: śru

Note: Subject of `śrūyate`.

तत्त्वार्थ-सहितः (tattvārtha-sahitaḥ) - accompanied by the true meaning, containing the essence of truth, imbued with profound meaning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tattvārtha-sahita

tattvārtha-sahita - endowed with the essential meaning, containing the essence of truth

Masculine nominative singular

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tattva+artha+sahita)

• tattva – reality, truth, essence
  noun (neuter)
• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ
• sahita – accompanied by, together with, contained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root √sah (to bear, accompany)
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `ślokaḥ`.

तत् (tat) - therefore, thus

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

मे (me) - from me, my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Can be genitive or dative singular. Here, implies 'from me' or 'my'.

निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - of me speaking, from me who is speaking

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nigadat

gad - to say, to speak

Present Active Participle

From √gad with prefix ni-, masculine genitive singular

Prefix: ni

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Present Active Participle.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative

2nd person singular, imperative mood, active voice

Root: śru (class 5)