महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-57, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
समुदीर्णं ततो दृष्ट्वा संग्रामं कुरुमुख्ययोः ।
अथाब्रवीदर्जुनस्तु वासुदेवं यशस्विनम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
samudīrṇaṁ tato dṛṣṭvā saṁgrāmaṁ kurumukhyayoḥ ,
athābravīdarjunastu vāsudevaṁ yaśasvinam.

1. sañjaya uvāca samudīrṇam tataḥ dṛṣṭvā saṅgrāmam
kurumukhyayoḥ atha abrāvīt arjunaḥ tu vāsudevam yaśasvinam

1. sañjaya uvāca tataḥ samdīrṇam saṅgrāmam kurumukhyayoḥ
dṛṣṭvā atha arjunaḥ tu yaśasvinam vāsudevam abrāvīt

1. Sanjaya said: Having then seen the fierce battle between the two foremost Kurus, Arjuna then spoke to the glorious Vāsudeva.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• समुदीर्णम् (samudīrṇam) - fierce (battle) (uprooted, excited, fierce, arisen)

• ततः (tataḥ) - thence, then, afterwards

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• सङ्ग्रामम् (saṅgrāmam) - battle, war, combat

• कुरुमुख्ययोः (kurumukhyayoḥ) - of the two foremost Kurus

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now, so

• अब्रावीत् (abrāvīt) - spoke, said

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - Vāsudeva (Krishna)

• यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - glorious, famous, renowned

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of root √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

समुदीर्णम् (samudīrṇam) - fierce (battle) (uprooted, excited, fierce, arisen)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samudīrṇa

samudīrṇa - excited, arisen, uprooted, fierce

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam- + ut- + root √īr (to move, excite)

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: īr (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'saṅgrāmam'

ततः (tataḥ) - thence, then, afterwards

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सङ्ग्रामम् (saṅgrāmam) - battle, war, combat

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

कुरुमुख्ययोः (kurumukhyayoḥ) - of the two foremost Kurus

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of kurumukhya

kurumukhya - chief of the Kurus, a prominent Kuru

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+mukhya)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient Indian dynasty and people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost, primary
  adjective

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now, so

(indeclinable)

अब्रावीत् (abrāvīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ) of abrāvīt

Aorist Active

3rd person singular aorist active of root √brū (or √vac in aorist)

Root: brū (class 2)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of one of the Pāṇḍavas)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - Vāsudeva (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Vāsudeva (epithet of Krishna, meaning 'son of Vasudeva')

यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - glorious, famous, renowned

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, renowned, celebrated

Derived from yaśas (fame, glory) with -vin suffix

Note: Modifies 'vāsudevam'