महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-57, verse-42

अबुध्यद्भीमसेनस्तद्राज्ञस्तस्य चिकीर्षितम् ।
अथास्य समभिद्रुत्य समुत्क्रम्य च सिंहवत् ॥४२॥

42. abudhyadbhīmasenastadrājñastasya cikīrṣitam ,
athāsya samabhidrutya samutkramya ca siṁhavat.

42. abudhyat bhīmasenaḥ tat rājñaḥ tasya cikirṣitam
atha asya samabhidrutya samutkramya ca siṃhavat

42. bhīmasenaḥ rājñaḥ tasya tat cikirṣitam abudhyat.
atha asya samabhidrutya ca siṃhavat samutkramya

42. Bhimasena (bhīmasena) understood that king's (Duryodhana's) intention. Thereupon, rushing towards him and leaping up like a lion, (he acted).

Words meanings summery:

• अबुध्यत् (abudhyat) - he understood, he perceived, he knew

• भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhima, one of the Pāṇḍavas (Bhimasena (Bhima))

• तत् (tat) - that (intention) (that, his)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Duryodhana (of the king)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (Duryodhana) (his, of him)

• चिकिर्षितम् (cikirṣitam) - Duryodhana's intended deceptive action (desired to be done, intended action, intention)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• अस्य (asya) - towards him (Duryodhana) (of him, to him)

• समभिद्रुत्य (samabhidrutya) - having rushed towards, having attacked

• समुत्क्रम्य (samutkramya) - having leaped up (towards/over Duryodhana) (having leaped up, having sprung up, having overcome)

• च (ca) - and

• सिंहवत् (siṁhavat) - like a lion

Words meanings and morphology

अबुध्यत् (abudhyat) - he understood, he perceived, he knew

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of budh

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.

From root budh (class 1, parasmāipada) 'to perceive'.

Root: budh (class 1)

भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhima, one of the Pāṇḍavas (Bhimasena (Bhima))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - one whose army is terrible; an epithet of Bhima

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīma+senā)

• bhīma – terrible, formidable
  adjective
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of abudhyat.

तत् (tat) - that (intention) (that, his)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Adjective modifying cikirṣitam.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Duryodhana (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

तस्य (tasya) - of him (Duryodhana) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

चिकिर्षितम् (cikirṣitam) - Duryodhana's intended deceptive action (desired to be done, intended action, intention)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cikirṣita

cikirṣita - desired to be done, intended

Past Passive Participle (from desiderative stem)

Desiderative of kṛ (to do) + Past Passive Participle suffix ta.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - towards him (Duryodhana) (of him, to him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Used with verbs of motion, here samabhidrutya (rushing towards).

समभिद्रुत्य (samabhidrutya) - having rushed towards, having attacked

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From sam-abhi-dru (to run towards). With lyap suffix as it has prefixes.

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

समुत्क्रम्य (samutkramya) - having leaped up (towards/over Duryodhana) (having leaped up, having sprung up, having overcome)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From sam-ut-kram (to leap up). With lyap suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: kram (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सिंहवत् (siṁhavat) - like a lion

(indeclinable)

From siṃha (lion) + suffix vat.