महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-57, verse-16

यस्त्रयोदशवर्षाणि गदया कृतनिश्रमः ।
चरत्यूर्ध्वं च तिर्यक्च भीमसेनजिघांसया ॥१६॥

16. yastrayodaśavarṣāṇi gadayā kṛtaniśramaḥ ,
caratyūrdhvaṁ ca tiryakca bhīmasenajighāṁsayā.

16. yaḥ trayodaśavarṣāṇi gadayā kṛtaniśramaḥ carati
ūrdhvam ca tiryak ca bhīmasenajighāṃsayā

16. yaḥ trayodaśavarṣāṇi gadayā kṛtaniśramaḥ
bhīmasenajighāṃsayā ūrdhvam ca tiryak ca carati

16. He (Duryodhana) who, for thirteen years, has assiduously trained (kṛtaniśramaḥ) with his mace, moving it both upwards and sideways, all driven by the desire to kill Bhimasena.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• त्रयोदशवर्षाणि (trayodaśavarṣāṇi) - for thirteen years

• गदया (gadayā) - with a mace, by means of a mace

• कृतनिश्रमः (kṛtaniśramaḥ) - who has made an effort, who has exerted himself, assiduously trained

• चरति (carati) - He practices (with the mace). (he moves, he practices, he walks)

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, aloft, above

• च (ca) - and

• तिर्यक् (tiryak) - sideways, obliquely

• च (ca) - and

• भीमसेनजिघांसया (bhīmasenajighāṁsayā) - with the desire to kill Bhimasena

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

त्रयोदशवर्षाणि (trayodaśavarṣāṇi) - for thirteen years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of trayodaśavarṣa

trayodaśavarṣa - thirteen years

Compound type : karmadhāraya (trayodaśa+varṣa)

• trayodaśa – thirteen
  numeral (neuter)
• varṣa – year, rain, monsoon
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates duration of time.

गदया (gadayā) - with a mace, by means of a mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

कृतनिश्रमः (kṛtaniśramaḥ) - who has made an effort, who has exerted himself, assiduously trained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtaniśrama

kṛtaniśrama - one who has made an effort, exerted oneself

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+niśrama)

• kṛta – made, done, performed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with 'kta' suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• niśrama – effort, exertion, labor
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'śram' (to toil) with prefix 'nis-'.
  Prefix: nis
  Root: śram (class 4)

चरति (carati) - He practices (with the mace). (he moves, he practices, he walks)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, aloft, above

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तिर्यक् (tiryak) - sideways, obliquely

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भीमसेनजिघांसया (bhīmasenajighāṁsayā) - with the desire to kill Bhimasena

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of bhīmasenajighāṃsā

bhīmasenajighāṁsā - desire to kill Bhimasena

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīmasena+jighāṃsā)

• bhīmasena – Bhimasena (name of a Pāṇḍava brother)
  proper noun (masculine)
• jighāṃsā – desire to kill, bloodthirstiness
  noun (feminine)
  Desiderative Noun
  Derived from the desiderative stem of the root 'han' (to kill) with 'ā' suffix.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Indicates purpose or manner.