महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-57, verse-18

धनंजयस्तु श्रुत्वैतत्केशवस्य महात्मनः ।
प्रेक्षतो भीमसेनस्य हस्तेनोरुमताडयत् ॥१८॥

18. dhanaṁjayastu śrutvaitatkeśavasya mahātmanaḥ ,
prekṣato bhīmasenasya hastenorumatāḍayat.

18. dhanaṃjayaḥ tu śrutvā etat keśavasya mahātmanaḥ
prekṣataḥ bhīmasenasya hastena ūrum atāḍayat

18. dhanaṃjayaḥ tu mahātmanaḥ keśavasya etat śrutvā,
bhīmasenasya prekṣataḥ hastena ūrum atāḍayat

18. But Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), having heard this from the great-souled (mahātman) Keśava (Kṛṣṇa), and with Bhīmasena watching, struck his own thigh with his hand.

Words meanings summery:

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth, fire)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• केशवस्य (keśavasya) - of Kṛṣṇa (of Keśava)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one, of the noble one

• प्रेक्षतः (prekṣataḥ) - while looking on, of one who is looking on

• भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhīma (of Bhīmasena)

• हस्तेन (hastena) - by hand, with the hand

• ऊरुम् (ūrum) - thigh

• अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - struck, hit

Words meanings and morphology

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth, fire)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna, fire

Compound of dhana (wealth) + jaya (victory/conquest).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root śru, absolutive suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, that

Note: Can also be nominative singular neuter.

केशवस्य (keśavasya) - of Kṛṣṇa (of Keśava)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keśava (a name of Kṛṣṇa), one with beautiful hair

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one, of the noble one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded (mahātman)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Keśava.

प्रेक्षतः (prekṣataḥ) - while looking on, of one who is looking on

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prekṣat

prekṣat - looking on, observing, seeing

present active participle

Derived from root īkṣ with upasarga pra, present active participle, masculine singular genitive.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Bhīmasenasya.

भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhīma (of Bhīmasena)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (a name of Bhīma), one with a terrible army

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīma+sena)

• bhīma – terrible, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• sena – army, host
  noun (feminine)

हस्तेन (hastena) - by hand, with the hand

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hasta

hasta - hand, arm

Root: has (class 1)

ऊरुम् (ūrum) - thigh

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ūru

ūru - thigh

अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - struck, hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of tāḍ

past imperfect active

Derived from root taḍ (causative tāḍ), imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: taḍ (class 10)