महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-95, verse-8

अब्रवीच्च विशुद्धात्मा नाहं हन्यां शिखण्डिनम् ।
स्त्रीपूर्वको ह्यसौ जातस्तस्माद्वर्ज्यो रणे मया ॥८॥

8. abravīcca viśuddhātmā nāhaṁ hanyāṁ śikhaṇḍinam ,
strīpūrvako hyasau jātastasmādvarjyo raṇe mayā.

8. abravīt ca viśuddha-ātmā na aham hanyām śikhaṇḍinam
strī-pūrvakaḥ hi asau jātaḥ tasmāt varjyaḥ raṇe mayā

8. ca viśuddha-ātmā abravīt: "aham śikhaṇḍinam na hanyām.
hi,
asau strī-pūrvakaḥ jātaḥ.
tasmāt raṇe mayā varjyaḥ.
"

8. And the pure-souled one (Bhīṣma) said, 'I shall not slay Śikhaṇḍin, for he was born as a woman previously. Therefore, he is to be avoided by me in battle.'

Words meanings summery:

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• च (ca) - and

• विशुद्ध-आत्मा (viśuddha-ātmā) - the pure-souled one, whose spirit is pure

• न (na) - not, no

• अहम् (aham) - I

• हन्याम् (hanyām) - I would slay, I should slay

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin (a proper name)

• स्त्री-पूर्वकः (strī-pūrvakaḥ) - born as a woman in a previous existence (having a female form formerly, formerly a woman)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• असौ (asau) - that one (masculine)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, become

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• वर्ज्यः (varjyaḥ) - to be avoided, to be shunned

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• मया (mayā) - by me

Words meanings and morphology

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect (parasmaipada)

From √brū (2nd class). Augment 'a-' indicates past tense.

Root: brū (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction, connects this action to previous events.

विशुद्ध-आत्मा (viśuddha-ātmā) - the pure-souled one, whose spirit is pure

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśuddha-ātman

viśuddha-ātman - pure-souled, pure-minded, having a pure self (ātman)

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viśuddha+ātman)

• viśuddha – pure, purified, clean, clear
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √śudh (4th class) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śudh (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, ego
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Bhīṣma).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates 'hanyām'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

First person singular pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'hanyām'.

हन्याम् (hanyām) - I would slay, I should slay

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of han

Optative (parasmaipada)

From √han (2nd class). First person singular optative.

Root: han (class 2)

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Śikhaṇḍin (a character in the Mahābhārata, originally female)

Note: Object of 'hanyām'.

स्त्री-पूर्वकः (strī-pūrvakaḥ) - born as a woman in a previous existence (having a female form formerly, formerly a woman)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of strī-pūrvaka

strī-pūrvaka - having a woman as a predecessor, formerly a woman

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (strī+pūrvaka)

• strī – woman, female
  noun (feminine)
• pūrvaka – preceding, former, earlier, prior
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -ka added to 'pūrva'.

Note: Predicate adjective, agrees with 'asau'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

असौ (asau) - that one (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (remote demonstrative pronoun)

Remote demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

Note: Refers to Śikhaṇḍin.

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, become

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, originated, become

Past Passive Participle

From √jan (4th class, passive √jā).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'asau', functions as a predicate adjective.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of 'tad' (that).

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'therefore'.

वर्ज्यः (varjyaḥ) - to be avoided, to be shunned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varjya

varjya - to be avoided, to be excluded, to be given up

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From √vṛj (10th class, 'varjayati') with suffix -ya.

Root: vṛj (class 10)

Note: Predicate adjective, agrees with 'asau' (Śikhaṇḍin), expresses obligation.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war, combat

From √raṇ (to sound, to rejoice).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the place/context of action.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person singular pronoun.

Note: Agent in a passive construction (with 'varjyaḥ').