महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-95, verse-39

तावकास्तु रणे यत्ताः सहसेना नराधिपाः ।
अभ्युद्ययू रणे पार्थान्भीष्मं कृत्वाग्रतो नृप ॥३९॥

39. tāvakāstu raṇe yattāḥ sahasenā narādhipāḥ ,
abhyudyayū raṇe pārthānbhīṣmaṁ kṛtvāgrato nṛpa.

39. tāvakāḥ tu raṇe yattāḥ sahasenāḥ narādhipāḥ
abhyudyayū raṇe pārthān bhīṣmam kṛtvā agrataḥ nṛpa

39. nṛpa tu raṇe yattāḥ sahasenāḥ narādhipāḥ tāvakāḥ
bhīṣmam agrataḥ kṛtvā raṇe pārthān abhyudyayū

39. But your warriors (tāvakāḥ), O king, those rulers of men along with their armies, fully prepared for battle, advanced in combat against the Pārthas, placing Bhīṣma at the forefront.

Words meanings summery:

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Refers to the Kaurava warriors. (your people, your kin, your party)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

• यत्ताः (yattāḥ) - prepared, ready, engaged

• सहसेनाः (sahasenāḥ) - accompanied by armies, with their forces

• नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings, rulers of men

• अभ्युद्ययू (abhyudyayū) - they advanced, they attacked, they rose up

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (the Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed (having done, having made, having placed)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - at the forefront (in front, at the head, foremost)

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

Words meanings and morphology

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Refers to the Kaurava warriors. (your people, your kin, your party)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you, your kin

Derived from 'tva' (you)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

यत्ताः (yattāḥ) - prepared, ready, engaged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yatta

yatta - prepared, ready, assiduous, engaged

Past Passive Participle

From root yat (to strive, to prepare)

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tāvakāḥ and narādhipāḥ.

सहसेनाः (sahasenāḥ) - accompanied by armies, with their forces

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahasena

sahasena - accompanied by an army, with an army

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+senā)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
• senā – army, host, force
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with tāvakāḥ and narādhipāḥ.

नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings, rulers of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dhā (to place) with prefix adhi-
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: In apposition to tāvakāḥ.

अभ्युद्ययू (abhyudyayū) - they advanced, they attacked, they rose up

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of abhyud-yā

Perfect Third Person Plural

From root yā, with upasargas abhi and ud.

Prefixes: abhi+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

पार्थान् (pārthān) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (the Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma

Note: Object of abhyudyayū.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (grandfather of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of kṛtvā.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed (having done, having made, having placed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - at the forefront (in front, at the head, foremost)

(indeclinable)

From agra (front, tip) + suffix -tas (ablative/locative sense).

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (lit. 'protector of men')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sanjaya.