महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-95, verse-24

भीष्मं तु रथवंशेन दृष्ट्वा तमभिसंवृतम् ।
अर्जुनो रथिनां श्रेष्ठो धृष्टद्युम्नमुवाच ह ॥२४॥

24. bhīṣmaṁ tu rathavaṁśena dṛṣṭvā tamabhisaṁvṛtam ,
arjuno rathināṁ śreṣṭho dhṛṣṭadyumnamuvāca ha.

24. bhīṣmam tu rathavaṃśena dṛṣṭvā tam abhisaṃvṛtam
arjunaḥ rathinām śreṣṭhaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnam uvāca ha

24. tu rathinām śreṣṭhaḥ arjunaḥ bhīṣmam tam rathavaṃśena
abhisaṃvṛtam dṛṣṭvā dhṛṣṭadyumnam ha uvāca

24. But Arjuna (arjuna), the foremost of chariot warriors, having seen Bhīṣma (bhīṣma) completely surrounded by a multitude of chariots, then spoke to Dhṛṣṭadyumna (dhṛṣṭadyumna).

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (as object of seeing) (Bhīṣma)

• तु (tu) - but, then (introduces a new action/focus) (but, indeed, yet)

• रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - by a multitude of chariots (referring to a formation or large number) (by the multitude of chariots, by the chariot lineage)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, having perceived)

• तम् (tam) - him (Bhīṣma) (him, that)

• अभिसंवृतम् (abhisaṁvṛtam) - completely surrounded (surrounded, encompassed)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of chariot warriors (of chariot warriors, of charioteers)

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - the foremost (best, excellent, foremost)

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (as object of speech) (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a warrior))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

• ह (ha) - indeed (emphasis) (indeed, surely, a particle used for emphasis)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (as object of seeing) (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (the Kuru patriarch)

तु (tu) - but, then (introduces a new action/focus) (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - by a multitude of chariots (referring to a formation or large number) (by the multitude of chariots, by the chariot lineage)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathavaṃśa

rathavaṁśa - multitude/array of chariots, chariot lineage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+vaṃśa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vaṃśa – race, lineage, bamboo, multitude
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrument of `abhisaṃvṛtam`.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

derived from root √dṛś 'to see' with the suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him (Bhīṣma) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma, coreferential with `bhīṣmam`.

अभिसंवृतम् (abhisaṁvṛtam) - completely surrounded (surrounded, encompassed)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhisaṃvṛta

abhisaṁvṛta - surrounded, encompassed

past passive participle

derived from root √vṛ 'to cover, surround' with prefixes abhi- and sam-

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `tam`.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of chariot warriors (of chariot warriors, of charioteers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, chariot warrior

Note: Dependent on `śreṣṭhaḥ`.

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - the foremost (best, excellent, foremost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, foremost

superlative degree

derived from `śrī` 'beauty, excellence'

Note: Agrees with `arjunaḥ`.

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (as object of speech) (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a warrior))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (commander of the Pāṇḍava army, son of Drupada)

Note: Object of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense 3rd singular, from root √vac 'to speak'

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed (emphasis) (indeed, surely, a particle used for emphasis)

(indeclinable)