महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-95, verse-30

अश्वत्थामा सोमदत्त आवन्त्यौ च महारथौ ।
महत्या सेनया युक्ता वामं पक्षमपालयन् ॥३०॥

30. aśvatthāmā somadatta āvantyau ca mahārathau ,
mahatyā senayā yuktā vāmaṁ pakṣamapālayan.

30. aśvatthāmā somadattaḥ āvantyau ca mahārathau
mahatyā senayā yuktāḥ vāmam pakṣam apālayan

30. aśvatthāmā somadattaḥ ca āvantyau mahārathau
mahatyā senayā yuktāḥ vāmam pakṣam apālayan

30. Aśvatthāmā, Somadatta, and the two great chariot warriors from Avanti, supported by a large army, defended the left flank.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Droṇa's son, Aśvatthāmā (Aśvatthāmā (name of a warrior))

• सोमदत्तः (somadattaḥ) - A Kuru warrior, father of Bhūriśravas (Somadatta (name of a warrior))

• आवन्त्यौ (āvantyau) - the two princes of Avanti (implied Vinda and Anuvinda) (the two from Avanti, the two princes of Avanti)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• महारथौ (mahārathau) - two great chariot warriors (referring to the princes of Avanti) (two great chariot warriors)

• महत्या (mahatyā) - by a large (by a large, by a great)

• सेनया (senayā) - by an army (by an army, by a host)

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - accompanied by, supported by (joined, accompanied, endowed with, engaged)

• वामम् (vāmam) - left (side) (left, northern; beautiful, lovely)

• पक्षम् (pakṣam) - flank (of an army formation) (wing, flank, side; fortnight; party)

• अपालयन् (apālayan) - they protected, defended (they protected, they governed)

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Droṇa's son, Aśvatthāmā (Aśvatthāmā (name of a warrior))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Aśvatthāmā (a name)

सोमदत्तः (somadattaḥ) - A Kuru warrior, father of Bhūriśravas (Somadatta (name of a warrior))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of somadatta

somadatta - Somadatta (a name); given by Soma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (soma+datta)

• soma – Soma (a deity, a plant, its juice); moon
  noun (masculine)
• datta – given, granted; adopted (son)
  past passive participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

आवन्त्यौ (āvantyau) - the two princes of Avanti (implied Vinda and Anuvinda) (the two from Avanti, the two princes of Avanti)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of āvantya

āvantya - relating to Avanti; a native or prince of Avanti

Formed with suffix -ya from Avanti

Note: Refers to Vinda and Anuvinda of Avanti.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

महारथौ (mahārathau) - two great chariot warriors (referring to the princes of Avanti) (two great chariot warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahāratha

mahāratha - great chariot warrior, a warrior capable of fighting 10,000 archers

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot; warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'āvantyau'.

महत्या (mahatyā) - by a large (by a large, by a great)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, extensive

Note: Modifies 'senayā'.

सेनया (senayā) - by an army (by an army, by a host)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, troop

Note: Agent of 'yuktāḥ'.

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - accompanied by, supported by (joined, accompanied, endowed with, engaged)

(past passive participle)

Note: Modifies the subjects (Aśvatthāmā, Somadatta, and the Avantis).

वामम् (vāmam) - left (side) (left, northern; beautiful, lovely)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāma

vāma - left (side); northern; beautiful, lovely; adverse

Note: Modifies 'pakṣam'.

पक्षम् (pakṣam) - flank (of an army formation) (wing, flank, side; fortnight; party)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pakṣa

pakṣa - wing, flank, side; fortnight; party, faction; feather

Note: Object of 'apālayan'.

अपालयन् (apālayan) - they protected, defended (they protected, they governed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pālayati

causative/denominative (from root pā)

From root pā (to protect) with suffix -āraya (causative/denominative stem)

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: The 'a' prefix is for the imperfect tense.