महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-95, verse-17

एतच्छ्रुत्वा तु राजानो दुर्योधनवचस्तदा ।
सर्वतो रथवंशेन गाङ्गेयं पर्यवारयन् ॥१७॥

17. etacchrutvā tu rājāno duryodhanavacastadā ,
sarvato rathavaṁśena gāṅgeyaṁ paryavārayan.

17. etat śrutvā tu rājānaḥ duryodhanavacas tadā
sarvataḥ rathavaṃśena gāṅgeyam paryavārayan

17. rājānaḥ duryodhanavacas etat śrutvā tadā tu
sarvataḥ rathavaṃśena gāṅgeyam paryavārayan

17. Hearing these words of Duryodhana, the kings then surrounded Bhishma (Gāṅgeya) from all sides with their chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand, moreover

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• दुर्योधनवचस् (duryodhanavacas) - Duryodhana's words/speech

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, on all sides, everywhere

• रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - by a multitude of chariots, by a line of chariots

• गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - Bhishma (son of Ganga)

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

from root śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand, moreover

(indeclinable)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दुर्योधनवचस् (duryodhanavacas) - Duryodhana's words/speech

(compound)

Compound type : tatpurusha (duryodhana+vacas)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vacas – word, speech, utterance
  noun (neuter)

Note: The compound is a Tatpurusha, with 'Duryodhana' modifying 'vacas'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, on all sides, everywhere

(indeclinable)

adverbial suffix -tas

रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - by a multitude of chariots, by a line of chariots

(compound)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+vaṃśa)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• vaṃśa – race, lineage, family, multitude, line
  noun (masculine)

Note: A Tatpurusha compound, 'ratha' as the first member modifying 'vaṃśa'.

गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - Bhishma (son of Ganga)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - son of Ganga, Bhishma

derived from Gaṅgā with a patronymic suffix

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect Active

root vṛ with upasargas pari and ava, causative form

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: From root `vṛ` (to cover, encompass) with prefixes `pari` and `ava`, in the causative `vāray`, then `paryavārayan` (3rd plural imperfect active).