महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-92, verse-9

त्वामर्थयन्ते गोविन्द दिवि शक्रमिवामराः ।
तावभ्यनन्दद्गोविन्दः साम्ना परमवल्गुना ॥९॥

9. tvāmarthayante govinda divi śakramivāmarāḥ ,
tāvabhyanandadgovindaḥ sāmnā paramavalgunā.

9. tvām arthayante govinda divi śakram iva amarāḥ
tau abhyanandat govindaḥ sāmnā paramavalguna

9. “They implore you, Govinda, just as the gods (amarāḥ) implore Indra in heaven.” Govinda then welcomed those two with exceedingly pleasing and gentle words.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Krishna) (you (accusative))

• अर्थयन्ते (arthayante) - they implore (they request, implore, beg)

• गोविन्द (govinda) - Govinda (an epithet for Krishna)

• दिवि (divi) - in heaven (in heaven, in the sky)

• शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• अमराः (amarāḥ) - the gods (amarāḥ) (immortals, gods)

• तौ (tau) - Duryodhana and Shakuni (those two)

• अभ्यनन्दत् (abhyanandat) - he welcomed (he greeted, welcomed, delighted)

• गोविन्दः (govindaḥ) - Govinda (an epithet for Krishna)

• साम्ना (sāmnā) - with gentle words (with gentle words, conciliation, by means of a song)

• परमवल्गुन (paramavalguna) - exceedingly pleasing (exceedingly pleasing/charming, very mild)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Krishna) (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of `arthayante`.

अर्थयन्ते (arthayante) - they implore (they request, implore, beg)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of arthay

Present (Laṭ), Ātmanepada, 3rd Person Plural

Denominative verb from artha (meaning, purpose, request).

Note: Subject implied: Duryodhana and Shakuni, speaking on behalf of the kings/Kurus.

गोविन्द (govinda) - Govinda (an epithet for Krishna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of govinda

govinda - Govinda (proper name, an epithet of Krishna); protector of cows, finder of cows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+vinda)

• go – cow, earth, ray of light
  noun (masculine)
• vinda – finder, obtainer
  noun (masculine)
  From root vid (to find, obtain).
  Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Addressing Krishna.

दिवि (divi) - in heaven (in heaven, in the sky)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of div

div - sky, heaven, day

Note: Refers to the location of the gods' imploration to Indra.

शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (proper name); powerful, strong

Note: Object of implied verb 'implore' with 'amarāḥ'.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अमराः (amarāḥ) - the gods (amarāḥ) (immortals, gods)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amara

amara - immortal, undying; a god, deity

From negation 'a' + mara (mortal).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mara)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• mara – dying, mortal
  adjective
  From root mṛ (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject of the first clause (implied verb 'arthayante').

तौ (tau) - Duryodhana and Shakuni (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `abhyanandat`.

अभ्यनन्दत् (abhyanandat) - he welcomed (he greeted, welcomed, delighted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhinand

Imperfect (Laṅ), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

From upasarga abhi + root nand (to rejoice, praise).

Prefix: abhi

Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Subject is Govinda.

गोविन्दः (govindaḥ) - Govinda (an epithet for Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of govinda

govinda - Govinda (proper name, an epithet of Krishna); protector of cows, finder of cows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+vinda)

• go – cow, earth, ray of light
  noun (masculine)
• vinda – finder, obtainer
  noun (masculine)
  From root vid (to find, obtain).
  Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Subject of `abhyanandat`.

साम्ना (sāmnā) - with gentle words (with gentle words, conciliation, by means of a song)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sāman

sāman - song, chant, gentle words, conciliation

Note: Manner of welcoming.

परमवल्गुन (paramavalguna) - exceedingly pleasing (exceedingly pleasing/charming, very mild)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of paramavalgu

paramavalgu - exceedingly pleasing/charming, very mild

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+valgu)

• parama – highest, supreme, excellent, exceedingly
  adjective
• valgu – pleasing, charming, beautiful, gentle
  adjective

Note: Adjective for `sāmnā`.