महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-92, verse-38

स्मयमानस्तु राजानं भीष्मद्रोणौ च माधवः ।
अभ्यभाषत धर्मात्मा राज्ञश्चान्यान्यथावयः ॥३८॥

38. smayamānastu rājānaṁ bhīṣmadroṇau ca mādhavaḥ ,
abhyabhāṣata dharmātmā rājñaścānyānyathāvayaḥ.

38. smayamānaḥ tu rājānam bhīṣmadroṇau ca mādhavaḥ
abhyabhāṣata dharmātmā rājñaḥ ca anyān yathāvayaḥ

38. But Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa), whose soul was righteous (dharma), smiled and addressed the king, Bhīṣma, Droṇa, and other kings according to their age.

Words meanings summery:

• स्मयमानः (smayamānaḥ) - smiling, laughing gently

• तु (tu) - but, and, on the other hand

• राजानम् (rājānam) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the king)

• भीष्मद्रोणौ (bhīṣmadroṇau) - Bhīṣma and Droṇa

• च (ca) - and

• माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Mādhava, Kṛṣṇa

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed, spoke to

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, whose nature (dharma) is good, virtuous

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - the kings (plural, as objects of address) (the kings, of the kings)

• च (ca) - and

• अन्यान् (anyān) - others

• यथावयः (yathāvayaḥ) - according to age

Words meanings and morphology

स्मयमानः (smayamānaḥ) - smiling, laughing gently

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smayamāna

smayamāna - smiling, showing pleasure by smiling

Present Middle Participle

From root `smi` (to smile) with `śānac` suffix, active sense.

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Refers to Mādhava.

तु (tu) - but, and, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

राजानम् (rājānam) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'abhyabhāṣata'.

भीष्मद्रोणौ (bhīṣmadroṇau) - Bhīṣma and Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bhīṣmadroṇa

bhīṣmadroṇa - Bhīṣma and Droṇa

Compound type : dvandva (bhīṣma+droṇa)

• bhīṣma – Bhīṣma (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata)
  proper noun (masculine)
• droṇa – Droṇa (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata, the guru of Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'abhyabhāṣata'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'bhīṣmadroṇau' with what follows.

माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Mādhava, Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, a name of Kṛṣṇa or Viṣṇu

Note: Subject of the verb 'abhyabhāṣata'.

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed, spoke to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect indicative (laṅ) of abhi-bhāṣ

Imperfect middle indicative

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, middle voice, indicative mood

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, whose nature (dharma) is good, virtuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - whose soul (ātman) is righteousness (dharma), virtuous, righteous, pious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa).

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - the kings (plural, as objects of address) (the kings, of the kings)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'abhyabhāṣata'. The accusative plural form of 'rājan' can be 'rājñaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'rājñaḥ' and 'anyān'.

अन्यान् (anyān) - others

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Object of 'abhyabhāṣata', referring to 'other people' or 'other kings' in context with 'rājñaḥ'.

यथावयः (yathāvayaḥ) - according to age

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound or formed with `yathā` particle meaning 'according to'.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vayas)

• yathā – as, according to, just as
  indeclinable
• vayas – age, time of life, period
  noun (neuter)