महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-8

कथं सज्जेत भोगेषु न च तप्येन्महत्तपः ।
विवर्धमानस्त्रिशिराः सर्वं त्रिभुवनं ग्रसेत् ॥८॥

8. kathaṁ sajjeta bhogeṣu na ca tapyenmahattapaḥ ,
vivardhamānastriśirāḥ sarvaṁ tribhuvanaṁ graset.

8. kathaṃ sajjet bhogeṣu na ca tapyet mahat tapaḥ |
vivardhamānaḥ triśirāḥ sarvam tribhuvanam graset

8. How could he become engrossed in worldly pleasures and thus not perform great austerity (tapas)? Otherwise, the three-headed one, constantly growing stronger, might devour all three worlds.

Words meanings summery:

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how (questioning a method or possibility) (how, in what manner, why)

• सज्जेत् (sajjet) - may he become engrossed (in pleasures) (may he become attached, may he be engrossed)

• भोगेषु (bhogeṣu) - in worldly pleasures (in enjoyments, in pleasures, in worldly objects)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - and (connecting two actions) (and, also, moreover)

• तप्येत् (tapyet) - may he perform austerity (tapas) (may he perform austerity, may he suffer (penance))

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual fervor)

• विवर्धमानः (vivardhamānaḥ) - constantly growing stronger (growing, increasing, thriving)

• त्रिशिराः (triśirāḥ) - the three-headed one (referring to a specific entity, Trishiras) (three-headed (one))

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (all, entire, whole)

• त्रिभुवनम् (tribhuvanam) - all three worlds (the three worlds (heaven, earth, netherworld))

• ग्रसेत् (graset) - might devour (may he devour, may he seize)

Words meanings and morphology

कथं (kathaṁ) - how (questioning a method or possibility) (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

सज्जेत् (sajjet) - may he become engrossed (in pleasures) (may he become attached, may he be engrossed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative (vidhi-liṅ) of sajj

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

Root saj (सज्), 1st class, Parasmaipada, Optative mood, 3rd singular. This form can also be derived from sajja (सज्ज), 'to be ready'.

Root: sajj (class 1)

भोगेषु (bhogeṣu) - in worldly pleasures (in enjoyments, in pleasures, in worldly objects)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhoga

bhoga - enjoyment, pleasure, experience, worldly object, food, possession

Root: bhuj (class 7)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (connecting two actions) (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

तप्येत् (tapyet) - may he perform austerity (tapas) (may he perform austerity, may he suffer (penance))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative (vidhi-liṅ) of tap

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

Root tap (तप्), 1st class, Parasmaipada, Optative mood, 3rd singular.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Refers to performing asceticism or penance (tapas).

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, noble, important

Note: Accusative singular neuter, agreeing with tapaḥ.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual fervor)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, asceticism, spiritual fervor, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Nominative/Accusative singular neuter. Here, accusative object of tapyet.

विवर्धमानः (vivardhamānaḥ) - constantly growing stronger (growing, increasing, thriving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivardhamāna

vivardhamāna - growing, increasing, thriving, expanding

Present Middle Participle

From verb vi-√vṛdh (विवृध्) 'to grow, increase', with present middle participle suffix -māna. Nominative singular masculine.

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Present Middle Participle, Nominative Singular Masculine, qualifying triśirāḥ.

त्रिशिराः (triśirāḥ) - the three-headed one (referring to a specific entity, Trishiras) (three-headed (one))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of triśiras

triśiras - three-headed, a three-headed being

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tri+śiras)

• tri – three
  numeral
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

Note: Bahuvrihi compound.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (all, entire, whole)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Accusative singular neuter, agreeing with tribhuvanam.

त्रिभुवनम् (tribhuvanam) - all three worlds (the three worlds (heaven, earth, netherworld))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tribhuvana

tribhuvana - the three worlds (heaven, earth, netherworld), the universe

Compound type : dvigu (tri+bhuvana)

• tri – three
  numeral
• bhuvana – world, existence, being
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Dvigu compound. Accusative singular neuter.

ग्रसेत् (graset) - might devour (may he devour, may he seize)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative (vidhi-liṅ) of gras

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

Root gras (ग्रस्), 1st class, Parasmaipada, Optative mood, 3rd singular.

Root: gras (class 1)