महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-17

तास्तु यत्नं परं कृत्वा पुनः शक्रमुपस्थिताः ।
कृताञ्जलिपुटाः सर्वा देवराजमथाब्रुवन् ॥१७॥

17. tāstu yatnaṁ paraṁ kṛtvā punaḥ śakramupasthitāḥ ,
kṛtāñjalipuṭāḥ sarvā devarājamathābruvan.

17. tāḥ tu yatnam param kṛtvā punaḥ śakram upasthitāḥ
kṛtāñjalipuṭāḥ sarvāḥ devarājam atha abruvan

17. But they (the Apsaras), having made a great effort, again approached Śakra (Indra). All of them, with hands folded in obeisance (kṛtāñjalipuṭāḥ), then spoke to the king of the gods (devarāja).

Words meanings summery:

• ताः (tāḥ) - the Apsaras (celestial nymphs) from the previous context (they (feminine plural))

• तु (tu) - but, however (but, indeed, yet, however)

• यत्नम् (yatnam) - a great effort (referring to their failed attempt to distract the ascetic) (effort, exertion, endeavor)

• परम् (param) - greatest, extreme (highest, supreme, greatest, excellent)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having exerted (a great effort), having performed (having done, having made)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, furthermore)

• शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra, the king of the gods (Śakra (a name of Indra))

• उपस्थिताः (upasthitāḥ) - approached (Śakra) (approached, stood by, attended)

• कृताञ्जलिपुटाः (kṛtāñjalipuṭāḥ) - with hands folded in obeisance (añjali) (having made the cupped hands for salutation, with joined palms)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all of them (the Apsaras) (all, every)

• देवराजम् (devarājam) - Indra (king of gods, Indra)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereafter (then, next, now, moreover)

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they (the Apsaras) spoke (they spoke, they said)

Words meanings and morphology

ताः (tāḥ) - the Apsaras (celestial nymphs) from the previous context (they (feminine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to the Apsaras.

तु (tu) - but, however (but, indeed, yet, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating a slight contrast or continuation.

यत्नम् (yatnam) - a great effort (referring to their failed attempt to distract the ascetic) (effort, exertion, endeavor)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, attempt

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

परम् (param) - greatest, extreme (highest, supreme, greatest, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - highest, supreme, excellent, ultimate, other

Note: Qualifies 'yatnam'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having exerted (a great effort), having performed (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root `kṛ` with suffix `tvā`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Absolutive (gerund).

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra, the king of the gods (Śakra (a name of Indra))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - powerful, mighty; a name of Indra

Note: Object of 'upasthitāḥ'.

उपस्थिताः (upasthitāḥ) - approached (Śakra) (approached, stood by, attended)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of upa-sthita

upa-sthita - approached, stood near, present, ready

Past Passive Participle

From root `sthā` (to stand) with prefix `upa`.

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Describes 'tāḥ'.

कृताञ्जलिपुटाः (kṛtāñjalipuṭāḥ) - with hands folded in obeisance (añjali) (having made the cupped hands for salutation, with joined palms)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṛtāñjalipuṭa

kṛtāñjalipuṭa - having made the cupped hands for salutation, with joined palms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+añjalipuṭa)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `kṛ` (to do/make).
  Root: kṛ
• añjalipuṭa – the cavity formed by folding palms, cupped hands (for offering or salutation)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes 'tāḥ' and 'sarvāḥ'.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all of them (the Apsaras) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Emphasizes that 'tāḥ' (all of them) were in this state.

देवराजम् (devarājam) - Indra (king of gods, Indra)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devarāja

devarāja - king of gods, Indra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+rāja)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'abruvan'.

अथ (atha) - then, thereafter (then, next, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating sequence.

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they (the Apsaras) spoke (they spoke, they said)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Root: bru (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'tāḥ' (the Apsaras).