महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-43

उपस्पृश्य ततः क्रुद्धस्तपस्वी सुमहायशाः ।
अग्निं हुत्वा समुत्पाद्य घोरं वृत्रमुवाच ह ।
इन्द्रशत्रो विवर्धस्व प्रभावात्तपसो मम ॥४३॥

43. upaspṛśya tataḥ kruddhastapasvī sumahāyaśāḥ ,
agniṁ hutvā samutpādya ghoraṁ vṛtramuvāca ha ,
indraśatro vivardhasva prabhāvāttapaso mama.

43. upaspṛśya tataḥ kruddhaḥ tapasvī
sumahāyaśāḥ agnim hutvā samutpādya
ghoram vṛtram uvāca ha indraśatro
vivardhasva prabhāvāt tapasaḥ mama

43. Then, the angry, greatly renowned ascetic, after performing a ritual purification, offered an oblation into the fire. Having thus created the terrible Vṛtra, he said, "O enemy of Indra, increase your power through the might of my austerity (tapas)!"

Words meanings summery:

• उपस्पृश्य (upaspṛśya) - having touched, having performed ritual ablution

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

• तपस्वी (tapasvī) - ascetic, sage, one who performs austerity (tapas)

• सुमहायशाः (sumahāyaśāḥ) - very famous, greatly renowned

• अग्निम् (agnim) - fire

• हुत्वा (hutvā) - having offered oblation

• समुत्पाद्य (samutpādya) - having created, having produced

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

• वृत्रम् (vṛtram) - Vṛtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

• इन्द्रशत्रो (indraśatro) - O enemy of Indra!

• विवर्धस्व (vivardhasva) - grow, increase, flourish

• प्रभावात् (prabhāvāt) - by the power, from the influence

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of austerity (tapas), penance

• मम (mama) - my, of me

Words meanings and morphology

उपस्पृश्य (upaspṛśya) - having touched, having performed ritual ablution

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from root spṛś with prefix upa, and suffix -ya

Prefix: upa

Root: spṛś (class 6)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

from pronoun 'tad'

Note: Adverb.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

from root krudh with suffix -ta

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'tapasvī'.

तपस्वी (tapasvī) - ascetic, sage, one who performs austerity (tapas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, sage, one who performs austerity (tapas)

possessive suffix -vin to tapas

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सुमहायशाः (sumahāyaśāḥ) - very famous, greatly renowned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahāyaśas

sumahāyaśas - very famous, greatly renowned

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+mahā+yaśas)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  prefix
• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• yaśas – fame, glory
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'tapasvī'.

अग्निम् (agnim) - fire

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, fire god Agni

Note: Object of 'hutvā'.

हुत्वा (hutvā) - having offered oblation

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from root hu with suffix -tvā

Root: hu (class 3)

समुत्पाद्य (samutpādya) - having created, having produced

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from root pad with prefixes sam + ud, suffix -ya (lyap)

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Refers to the creation of Vṛtra.

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fierce, frightful

Note: Agrees with 'vṛtram'.

वृत्रम् (vṛtram) - Vṛtra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛtra

vṛtra - Vṛtra (name of a demon, enemy of Indra)

Note: Object of 'samutpādya' and 'uvāca' (implied).

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense (lit), 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'tapasvī'.

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

इन्द्रशत्रो (indraśatro) - O enemy of Indra!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of indraśatru

indraśatru - enemy of Indra

Compound type : tatpurusha (indra+śatru)

• indra – Indra
  proper noun (masculine)
• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to Vṛtra.

विवर्धस्व (vivardhasva) - grow, increase, flourish

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vṛdh

present stem 'vardha', imperative, 2nd person singular, middle voice

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Vṛtra.

प्रभावात् (prabhāvāt) - by the power, from the influence

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of prabhāva

prabhāva - power, might, influence, splendor

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses cause or origin.

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of austerity (tapas), penance

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor (tapas)

Note: Possessive, describes 'prabhāvāt'.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Possessive, refers to the speaker (Tvaṣṭā).