महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-50

यदा व्यवर्धत रणे वृत्रो बलसमन्वितः ।
त्वष्टुस्तपोबलाद्विद्वांस्तदा शक्रो न्यवर्तत ॥५०॥

50. yadā vyavardhata raṇe vṛtro balasamanvitaḥ ,
tvaṣṭustapobalādvidvāṁstadā śakro nyavartata.

50. yadā vyavardhata raṇe vṛtraḥ balasamanvitaḥ
tvaṣṭuḥ tapobalāt vidvān tadā śakraḥ nyavartata

50. When Vṛtra, endowed with great strength, continued to grow during the battle, then the wise Indra, influenced by the power of Tvaṣṭā's austerity (tapas), retreated.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• व्यवर्धत (vyavardhata) - grew, increased

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in conflict

• वृत्रः (vṛtraḥ) - Vṛtra

• बलसमन्वितः (balasamanvitaḥ) - endowed with strength, possessed of power

• त्वष्टुः (tvaṣṭuḥ) - of Tvaṣṭā

• तपोबलात् (tapobalāt) - from the power of austerity (tapas)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - the wise (Indra) (knowing, wise, learned)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra, powerful one

• न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - retreated, turned back

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

व्यवर्धत (vyavardhata) - grew, increased

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛdh

Imperfect Middle

Root vṛdh with prefixes vi and ava.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'vṛtraḥ'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Root: raṇ

वृत्रः (vṛtraḥ) - Vṛtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛtra

vṛtra - Vṛtra (name of an Asura), obstacle

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject of 'vyavardhata'.

बलसमन्वितः (balasamanvitaḥ) - endowed with strength, possessed of power

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balasamanvita

balasamanvita - endowed with strength, possessed of power

Tatpuruṣa compound: bala + samanvita.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bala+samanvita)

• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)
• samanvita – endowed with, accompanied by, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root i with prefixes sam and anu.
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'vṛtraḥ'.

त्वष्टुः (tvaṣṭuḥ) - of Tvaṣṭā

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tvaṣṭṛ

tvaṣṭṛ - Tvaṣṭā (divine artisan), carpenter, maker

Agent noun from root tvaṣ.

Root: tvaṣ

Note: Possessive for 'tapobalāt'.

तपोबलात् (tapobalāt) - from the power of austerity (tapas)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tapobala

tapobala - power of austerity (tapas)

Tatpuruṣa compound: tapas + bala.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+bala)

• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal

Note: Indicates cause or reason.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - the wise (Indra) (knowing, wise, learned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - knowing, wise, learned

Perfect Active Participle

Derived from root vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'śakraḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra, powerful one

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, powerful, mighty

Root: śak

Note: Subject of 'nyavartata'.

न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - retreated, turned back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Middle

Root vṛt with prefixes ni and ava.

Prefixes: ni+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'śakraḥ'.