महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-2

शल्य उवाच ।
शृणु राजन्पुरा वृत्तमितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
सभार्येण यथा प्राप्तं दुःखमिन्द्रेण भारत ॥२॥

2. śalya uvāca ,
śṛṇu rājanpurā vṛttamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
sabhāryeṇa yathā prāptaṁ duḥkhamindreṇa bhārata.

2. śalyaḥ uvāca śṛṇu rājan purā vṛttam itihāsam purātanam
sabhāryeṇa yathā prāptam duḥkham indreṇa bhārata

2. Śalya said: "O King, O descendant of Bharata, listen to this ancient history (itihāsa), this event that occurred in the past, namely, how sorrow was experienced by Indra along with his wife."

Words meanings summery:

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, previously

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - happened, occurred, an event, a story

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history, legend, story (itihāsa)

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old, primeval

• सभार्येण (sabhāryeṇa) - along with his wife

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which manner

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, experienced, attained

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

• इन्द्रेण (indreṇa) - by Indra

• भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (as a descendant of Bharata) (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (name of a king, brother of Mādrī)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular, from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative 2nd person singular, from root śru

Root: śru (class 5)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, previously

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - happened, occurred, an event, a story

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - occurred, happened, an event, a story

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛt (to be, to exist, to happen)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies itihāsam.

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history, legend, story (itihāsa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, traditional narrative, epic (itihāsa)

Note: Object of śṛṇu.

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old, primeval

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, primeval

from purā (formerly)

Note: Qualifies itihāsam.

सभार्येण (sabhāryeṇa) - along with his wife

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sabhārya

sabhārya - accompanied by one's wife, with wife

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+bhāryā)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• bhāryā – wife, one to be supported
  noun (feminine)
  Gerundive
  from root bhṛ (to bear, to support)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies Indra.

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Relative adverb introducing the clause 'how sorrow was experienced'.

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, experienced, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, acquired, experienced

Past Passive Participle

from root āp with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies duḥkham.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, sorrow, pain, misery

Note: Subject of prāptam.

इन्द्रेण (indreṇa) - by Indra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (the king of gods)

Note: Agent of prāptam.

भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (as a descendant of Bharata) (O descendant of Bharata)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata