महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-23

स पपात हतस्तेन वज्रेण दृढमाहतः ।
पर्वतस्येव शिखरं प्रणुन्नं मेदिनीतले ॥२३॥

23. sa papāta hatastena vajreṇa dṛḍhamāhataḥ ,
parvatasyeva śikharaṁ praṇunnaṁ medinītale.

23. sa papāta hataḥ tena vajreṇa dṛḍham āhataḥ |
parvatasya iva śikharam praṇunnam medinītale

23. Struck hard by that thunderbolt (vajra), he fell, killed by it, like a mountain peak cast down onto the surface of the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Triśiras (he, that)

• पपात (papāta) - he fell down

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed (by the thunderbolt) (killed, slain, struck)

• तेन (tena) - by that (thunderbolt) (by that)

• वज्रेण (vajreṇa) - by the thunderbolt

• दृढम् (dṛḍham) - hard, severely (firmly, strongly, severely)

• आहतः (āhataḥ) - struck hard (struck, wounded, beaten)

• पर्वतस्य (parvatasya) - of a mountain

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• शिखरम् (śikharam) - peak, summit

• प्रणुन्नम् (praṇunnam) - cast down (cast down, driven forward, hurled)

• मेदिनीतले (medinītale) - on the surface of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Triśiras (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'papāta'.

पपात (papāta) - he fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pat

Perfect Active

Third person singular, perfect tense, Parasmaipada.

Root: pat (class 1)

हतः (hataḥ) - killed (by the thunderbolt) (killed, slain, struck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, injured

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb √han (to strike, kill) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: han (class 2)

तेन (tena) - by that (thunderbolt) (by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Instrumental agent for 'hataḥ' and 'āhataḥ'.

वज्रेण (vajreṇa) - by the thunderbolt

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vajra

vajra - thunderbolt, diamond, club, mace

Note: Instrumental agent for 'hataḥ' and 'āhataḥ'.

दृढम् (dṛḍham) - hard, severely (firmly, strongly, severely)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (secondary sense as adjective)

Used adverbially (neuter accusative singular).

Root: dṛh (class 1)

आहतः (āhataḥ) - struck hard (struck, wounded, beaten)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhata

āhata - struck, wounded, beaten, hurt

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix 'ā' + verb √han (to strike) + 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

पर्वतस्य (parvatasya) - of a mountain

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

Note: Possessive for 'śikharam'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

शिखरम् (śikharam) - peak, summit

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śikhara

śikhara - peak, summit, top, crest

Note: Object of implicit action 'cast down'.

प्रणुन्नम् (praṇunnam) - cast down (cast down, driven forward, hurled)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of praṇunna

praṇunna - cast down, thrown, hurled, driven forward

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix 'pra' + verb √nud (to push, drive) + 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: nud (class 6)

मेदिनीतले (medinītale) - on the surface of the earth

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of medinītala

medinītala - surface of the earth, ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (medinī+tala)

• medinī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plain, level, base
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location where the peak is cast.