महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-38

यत्सुरापं तु तस्यासीद्वक्त्रं त्रिशिरसस्तदा ।
कलविङ्का विनिष्पेतुस्तेनास्य भरतर्षभ ॥३८॥

38. yatsurāpaṁ tu tasyāsīdvaktraṁ triśirasastadā ,
kalaviṅkā viniṣpetustenāsya bharatarṣabha.

38. yat surāpam tu tasya āsīt vaktram triśirasaḥ tadā
kalaviṅkāḥ viniṣpetuḥ tena asya bharatarṣabha

38. O best among the Bhāratas (bharatarṣabha), from that mouth of Triśiras (triśiras), which was accustomed to drinking liquor, sparrows then emerged.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, that

• सुरापम् (surāpam) - that which drinks liquor (referring to the mouth) (drinking liquor, drunkard)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was

• वक्त्रम् (vaktram) - mouth, face

• त्रिशिरसः (triśirasaḥ) - of Triśiras, of the three-headed one

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• कलविङ्काः (kalaviṅkāḥ) - sparrows, cuckoos

• विनिष्पेतुः (viniṣpetuḥ) - they came forth, they emerged

• तेन (tena) - by that, from that

• अस्य (asya) - his, of him

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - what, which, who

Note: Refers to vaktram.

सुरापम् (surāpam) - that which drinks liquor (referring to the mouth) (drinking liquor, drunkard)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of surāpa

surāpa - drinking liquor, a drunkard

surā (liquor) + pā (to drink) -> āpa (drinking)

Compound type : tatpurusha (surā+āpa)

• surā – liquor, wine
  noun (feminine)
• āpa – drinking, one who drinks
  noun/adjective
  nomen agentis
  derived from root pā with augment ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vaktram.

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to Triśiras.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

past imperfect indicative

3rd person singular past imperfect indicative of as

Root: as (class 2)

वक्त्रम् (vaktram) - mouth, face

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaktra

vaktra - mouth, face

Note: Subject of āsīt.

त्रिशिरसः (triśirasaḥ) - of Triśiras, of the three-headed one

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of triśiras

triśiras - three-headed

tri (three) + śiras (head)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tri+śiras)

• tri – three
  numeral
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

Note: Possessor of the mouth.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

कलविङ्काः (kalaviṅkāḥ) - sparrows, cuckoos

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kalaviṅka

kalaviṅka - sparrow, cuckoo, a kind of bird

Note: Subject of viniṣpetuḥ.

विनिष्पेतुः (viniṣpetuḥ) - they came forth, they emerged

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of viniṣpat

past active indicative

3rd person plural past active indicative (perfect) of viniṣpat

Prefixes: vi+nis

Root: pat (class 1)

तेन (tena) - by that, from that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to vaktram (mouth) as the source.

अस्य (asya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Triśiras.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among the Bharatas, best of Bharatas

bharata (a descendant of Bharata, a king) + ṛṣabha (bull, best)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a king
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Vocative addressing the listener.