महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-41

तप्यमानं तपो नित्यं क्षान्तं दान्तं जितेन्द्रियम् ।
अनापराधिनं यस्मात्पुत्रं हिंसितवान्मम ॥४१॥

41. tapyamānaṁ tapo nityaṁ kṣāntaṁ dāntaṁ jitendriyam ,
anāparādhinaṁ yasmātputraṁ hiṁsitavānmama.

41. tapyamānam tapaḥ nityam kṣāntam dāntam jitendriyam
anāparādhinam yasmāt putram hiṃsitavān mama

41. ...because he killed my innocent son who was constantly engaged in austerity (tapas), patient, self-controlled, and had conquered his senses.

Words meanings summery:

• तप्यमानम् (tapyamānam) - engaged in austerity, performing penance

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas), penance

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• क्षान्तम् (kṣāntam) - patient, forbearing

• दान्तम् (dāntam) - self-controlled, subdued

• जितेन्द्रियम् (jitendriyam) - with senses conquered, self-restrained

• अनापराधिनम् (anāparādhinam) - innocent, faultless

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because, from which

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• हिंसितवान् (hiṁsitavān) - he killed, he harmed

• मम (mama) - my, of me

Words meanings and morphology

तप्यमानम् (tapyamānam) - engaged in austerity, performing penance

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapyamāna

tapyamāna - undergoing austerity, performing penance, suffering

Present Passive Participle

from root tap with suffix -māna, passive voice

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'putram'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas), penance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor (tapas)

Note: Object of 'tapyamānam' (as a verbal noun).

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'tapyamānam'.

क्षान्तम् (kṣāntam) - patient, forbearing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣānta

kṣānta - patient, forbearing, calmed, endured

Past Passive Participle

from root kṣam with suffix -ta

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'putram'.

दान्तम् (dāntam) - self-controlled, subdued

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dānta

dānta - self-controlled, subdued, tamed

Past Passive Participle

from root dam with suffix -ta

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'putram'.

जितेन्द्रियम् (jitendriyam) - with senses conquered, self-restrained

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jitendriya

jitendriya - having conquered the senses, self-controlled

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jita+indriya)

• jita – conquered, vanquished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root ji with suffix -ta
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'putram'.

अनापराधिनम् (anāparādhinam) - innocent, faultless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anāparādhin

anāparādhin - innocent, faultless, not offending

formed with negative prefix 'an-' and 'āparādhin'

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (an+āparādhin)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• āparādhin – offending, guilty
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ā

Note: Agrees with 'putram'.

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because, from which

(indeclinable)

Note: It is an ablative form of 'yad' but functions here as a causal conjunction.

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Object of 'hiṃsitavān'.

हिंसितवान् (hiṁsitavān) - he killed, he harmed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hiṃsitavat

hiṁsitavat - one who has killed/harmed

Past Active Participle

from root hiṃs with suffix -tavat

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

Note: The implied subject is Indra.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Possessive, refers to the son.