महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-9, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथमिन्द्रेण राजेन्द्र सभार्येण महात्मना ।
दुःखं प्राप्तं परं घोरमेतदिच्छामि वेदितुम् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathamindreṇa rājendra sabhāryeṇa mahātmanā ,
duḥkhaṁ prāptaṁ paraṁ ghorametadicchāmi veditum.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham indreṇa rājendra sabhāryeṇa
mahātmanā duḥkham prāptam param ghoram etat icchāmi veditum

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "O king of kings, I desire to know this: how was such supreme and terrible sorrow experienced by the great-souled Indra, along with his wife?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• इन्द्रेण (indreṇa) - by Indra

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Śalya (as the best of kings) (O king of kings, O best of kings)

• सभार्येण (sabhāryeṇa) - along with his wife

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, experienced, attained

• परम् (param) - supreme, great, utmost

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful

• एतत् (etat) - this matter/story (this)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire, I wish

• वेदितुम् (veditum) - to know, to learn

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular, from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

इन्द्रेण (indreṇa) - by Indra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (the king of gods)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Śalya (as the best of kings) (O king of kings, O best of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, sovereign, paramount ruler

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to Śalya.

सभार्येण (sabhāryeṇa) - along with his wife

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sabhārya

sabhārya - accompanied by one's wife, with wife

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+bhāryā)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• bhāryā – wife, one to be supported
  noun (feminine)
  Gerundive
  from root bhṛ (to bear, to support)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies Indra.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Indra.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, sorrow, pain, misery

Note: Grammatically, it's the nominative subject of a passive construction (prāptam).

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, experienced, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, acquired, experienced

Past Passive Participle

from root āp with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies duḥkham.

परम् (param) - supreme, great, utmost

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, another

Note: Qualifies duḥkham.

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fearful, formidable

Note: Qualifies duḥkham.

एतत् (etat) - this matter/story (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Object of the infinitive veditum.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I desire, I wish

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Active, 1st person singular, from root iṣ (with reduplication and guṇation in present stem)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

वेदितुम् (veditum) - to know, to learn

(verb)

Infinitive

Infinitive from root vid

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Infinitival complement to icchāmi.