महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-32, verse-31

ततो विराटः प्रस्कन्द्य रथादथ सुशर्मणः ।
गदामस्य परामृश्य तमेवाजघ्निवान्बली ।
स चचार गदापाणिर्वृद्धोऽपि तरुणो यथा ॥३१॥

31. tato virāṭaḥ praskandya rathādatha suśarmaṇaḥ ,
gadāmasya parāmṛśya tamevājaghnivānbalī ,
sa cacāra gadāpāṇirvṛddho'pi taruṇo yathā.

31. tataḥ virāṭaḥ praskandya rathāt atha
suśarmaṇaḥ gadām asya parāmṛśya
tam eva ajaghni-vān balī saḥ cacāra
gadā-pāṇiḥ vṛddhaḥ api taruṇaḥ yathā

31. Then, the powerful King Virāṭa, having jumped down from Suśarman's chariot and seized his mace, struck Suśarman. Though old, he moved about, mace in hand, like a young man.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virāṭa (name of a king)

• प्रस्कन्द्य (praskandya) - having jumped down, having leaped

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• अथ (atha) - then, now, and

• सुशर्मणः (suśarmaṇaḥ) - of Suśarman

• गदाम् (gadām) - mace

• अस्य (asya) - referring to Suśarman (of him, his)

• परामृश्य (parāmṛśya) - having seized, having taken

• तम् (tam) - referring to Suśarman (him)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• अजघ्नि-वान् (ajaghni-vān) - struck, killed

• बली (balī) - describing King Virāṭa (powerful, strong)

• सः (saḥ) - referring to King Virāṭa (he)

• चचार (cacāra) - he moved, he walked, he acted

• गदा-पाणिः (gadā-pāṇiḥ) - mace in hand, holding a mace

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged

• अपि (api) - even, also, though

• तरुणः (taruṇaḥ) - young, youthful

• यथा (yathā) - like, as

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virāṭa (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - King Virāṭa, gigantic, splendid

प्रस्कन्द्य (praskandya) - having jumped down, having leaped

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root skand with prefix pra-, with suffix -ya (after prefix)

Prefix: pra

Root: skand (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

अथ (atha) - then, now, and

(indeclinable)

सुशर्मणः (suśarmaṇaḥ) - of Suśarman

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of suśarman

suśarman - Suśarman (name of the Trigarta king)

Note: Possessive, refers to Suśarman's chariot.

गदाम् (gadām) - mace

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Note: Direct object of 'seized'.

अस्य (asya) - referring to Suśarman (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

परामृश्य (parāmṛśya) - having seized, having taken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root mṛś with prefix parā-, with suffix -ya (after prefix)

Prefix: parā

Root: mṛś (class 6)

तम् (tam) - referring to Suśarman (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'him'.

अजघ्नि-वान् (ajaghni-vān) - struck, killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajaghnivat

ajaghnivat - one who has struck/killed

Perfect Active Participle

From root han, with perfect reduplication, and the suffix -vat (nom. sg. m. is -vān)

Root: han (class 2)

बली (balī) - describing King Virāṭa (powerful, strong)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - powerful, strong, mighty

Suffix -in added to bala (strength).

सः (saḥ) - referring to King Virāṭa (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चचार (cacāra) - he moved, he walked, he acted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of car

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect, active, Parasmaipada

Root: car (class 1)

गदा-पाणिः (gadā-pāṇiḥ) - mace in hand, holding a mace

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gadāpāṇi

gadāpāṇi - one whose hand holds a mace, mace-bearer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gadā+pāṇi)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the manner of Virāṭa's movement.

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow), literally 'grown old'

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Describes Virāṭa.

अपि (api) - even, also, though

(indeclinable)

तरुणः (taruṇaḥ) - young, youthful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of taruṇa

taruṇa - young, youthful, tender

Note: Noun in comparison.

यथा (yathā) - like, as

(indeclinable)