महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-32, verse-17

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तं मत्तमिव मातङ्गं वीक्षमाणं वनस्पतिम् ।
अब्रवीद्भ्रातरं वीरं धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ॥१७॥

17. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
taṁ mattamiva mātaṅgaṁ vīkṣamāṇaṁ vanaspatim ,
abravīdbhrātaraṁ vīraṁ dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

17. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tam mattam iva mātaṅgam vīkṣamāṇam
vanaspatim abravīt bhrātaram vīram dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

17. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: "Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of natural law (dharma), spoke to his heroic brother, who was observing the tree like an intoxicated elephant."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Bhīma) (him, that)

• मत्तम् (mattam) - furious, excited (intoxicated, excited, furious)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• मातङ्गम् (mātaṅgam) - elephant

• वीक्षमाणम् (vīkṣamāṇam) - looking at, observing

• वनस्पतिम् (vanaspatim) - tree, large tree

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - (Bhīma) (brother)

• वीरम् (vīram) - heroic, brave, warrior

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a title of his) (king of dharma, king of justice)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana, a sage, the narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Bhīma) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मत्तम् (mattam) - furious, excited (intoxicated, excited, furious)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, excited, furious, proud

Past Passive Participle

Accusative singular masculine of Past Passive Participle from root mad

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Past Passive Participle modifying 'mātaṅgam'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

मातङ्गम् (mātaṅgam) - elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mātaṅga

mātaṅga - elephant

वीक्षमाणम् (vīkṣamāṇam) - looking at, observing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of īkṣ

īkṣ - to see, to look, to perceive

Present Middle Participle

Accusative singular masculine of present middle participle from root īkṣ with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Present Middle Participle modifying 'tam' (Bhīma).

वनस्पतिम् (vanaspatim) - tree, large tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanaspati

vanaspati - tree, large tree (lit. 'lord of the forest')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+pati)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular imperfect (aorist) active of root brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Aorist form often translated as imperfect.

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - (Bhīma) (brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

वीरम् (vīram) - heroic, brave, warrior

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave, heroic

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a title of his) (king of dharma, king of justice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of natural law (dharma), king of righteousness, a title of Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava brother