महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-32, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तमसाभिप्लुते लोके रजसा चैव भारत ।
व्यतिष्ठन्वै मुहूर्तं तु व्यूढानीकाः प्रहारिणः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tamasābhiplute loke rajasā caiva bhārata ,
vyatiṣṭhanvai muhūrtaṁ tu vyūḍhānīkāḥ prahāriṇaḥ.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca tamasā abhiplute loke rajasā ca eva
bhārata vyatiṣṭhan vai muhūrtam tu vyūḍhānīkāḥ prahāriṇaḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: "O Bhārata, when the world was enveloped by darkness and also by dust, the warriors with arranged battle formations paused for a moment."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness (by darkness, by gloom)

• अभिप्लुते (abhiplute) - enveloped (covered, enveloped, overwhelmed)

• लोके (loke) - in the world (as in the environment/sky) (in the world, in the sight of people)

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust (by dust, by gloom)

• च (ca) - and also (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing 'ca') (just, only, indeed)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing King Janamejaya) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• व्यतिष्ठन् (vyatiṣṭhan) - they paused (they stood, they remained, they paused)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment (for a moment, for a short time)

• तु (tu) - (emphatic particle, indicating a slight pause or shift) (but, yet, indeed, now)

• व्यूढानीकाः (vyūḍhānīkāḥ) - with arranged battle formations (having arranged battle formations, with arrayed armies)

• प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - the warriors (warriors, attackers)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root vac (2nd class), perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness (by darkness, by gloom)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, quality of inertia (tamas)

अभिप्लुते (abhiplute) - enveloped (covered, enveloped, overwhelmed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of abhipluta

abhipluta - covered, enveloped, immersed, overwhelmed

Past Passive Participle

root plu 'to float, flow' with preverb abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: plu (class 1)

लोके (loke) - in the world (as in the environment/sky) (in the world, in the sight of people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, region, people

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust (by dust, by gloom)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, gloom, passion, menstrual blood

च (ca) - and also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing 'ca') (just, only, indeed)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing King Janamejaya) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

vocative singular of bhārata

व्यतिष्ठन् (vyatiṣṭhan) - they paused (they stood, they remained, they paused)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

imperfect active

root sthā (1st class) with preverb vi-ati, imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: sthā (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment (for a moment, for a short time)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - moment, instant, short time, a particular division of time

Note: Used adverbially to denote duration

तु (tu) - (emphatic particle, indicating a slight pause or shift) (but, yet, indeed, now)

(indeclinable)

व्यूढानीकाः (vyūḍhānīkāḥ) - with arranged battle formations (having arranged battle formations, with arrayed armies)

(compound adjective)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyūḍha+anīka)

• vyūḍha – arranged, drawn up (as an army), expanded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root ūh 'to push, move' or vah 'to bear' with preverb vi, or root vṛh 'to tear' with preverb vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ūh/vah/vṛh
• anīka – army, host, array, face
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with prahāriṇaḥ

प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - the warriors (warriors, attackers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahārin

prahārin - striker, attacker, warrior

agent noun from pra-hṛ 'to strike'

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)