महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-40, verse-56

स जानुभ्यां महीं गत्वा शिरसा प्रणिपत्य च ।
प्रसादयामास हरं पार्थः परपुरंजयः ॥५६॥

56. sa jānubhyāṁ mahīṁ gatvā śirasā praṇipatya ca ,
prasādayāmāsa haraṁ pārthaḥ parapuraṁjayaḥ.

56. saḥ jānubhyām mahīm gatvā śirasā praṇipatya ca
| prasādayāmāsa haram pārthaḥ parapurañjayaḥ

56. He, Pārtha, the conqueror of enemy cities, knelt on the ground and bowed his head, thereby propitiating Hara (Śiva).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he

• जानुभ्याम् (jānubhyām) - with two knees, by means of two knees

• महीम् (mahīm) - to the earth, ground

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having approached

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by the head

• प्रणिपत्य (praṇipatya) - having bowed down, having prostrated

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रसादयामास (prasādayāmāsa) - propitiated, appeased, made favorable

• हरम् (haram) - Hara (an epithet of Śiva)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna, son of Pṛthā/Kuntī)

• परपुरञ्जयः (parapurañjayaḥ) - conqueror of enemy cities

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

जानुभ्याम् (jānubhyām) - with two knees, by means of two knees

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of jānu

jānu - knee

महीम् (mahīm) - to the earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed with suffix -tvā

Root: gam (class 1)

शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by the head

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

प्रणिपत्य (praṇipatya) - having bowed down, having prostrated

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed with prefix(es) pra, ni and suffix -ya

Prefixes: pra+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

प्रसादयामास (prasādayāmāsa) - propitiated, appeased, made favorable

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prasādaya

Causative stem + Periphrastic Perfect

Causative of pra-sad (to sit down, become clear), meaning to make clear, propitiate. Formed with suffix -āmāsa for perfect tense.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

हरम् (haram) - Hara (an epithet of Śiva)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hara

hara - taker, remover, destroyer (an epithet of Śiva)

Root: hṛ (class 1)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna, son of Pṛthā/Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), an epithet of Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā with patronymic suffix

परपुरञ्जयः (parapurañjayaḥ) - conqueror of enemy cities

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parapurañjaya

parapurañjaya - conquering hostile cities, vanquisher of enemies' strongholds

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (para+pura+jaya)

• para – other, hostile, enemy
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• pura – city, fortress, town
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquering, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)