महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-40, verse-50

ततो निपीडितैर्गात्रैः पिण्डीकृत इवाबभौ ।
फल्गुनो गात्रसंरुद्धो देवदेवेन भारत ॥५०॥

50. tato nipīḍitairgātraiḥ piṇḍīkṛta ivābabhau ,
phalguno gātrasaṁruddho devadevena bhārata.

50. tataḥ nipīḍitaiḥ gātraiḥ piṇḍīkṛtaḥ iva abababhau
phalgunaḥ gātrasaṃruddhaḥ devadevena bhārata

50. Then, O Bhārata, Arjuna, enveloped and pressed by the limbs of the God of gods, appeared as if he had been compacted into a ball.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• निपीडितैः (nipīḍitaiḥ) - by pressed, by crushed, by afflicted

• गात्रैः (gātraiḥ) - with limbs, with body parts

• पिण्डीकृतः (piṇḍīkṛtaḥ) - made into a ball, lumped together, compacted

• इव (iva) - as if, like

• अबबभौ (abababhau) - he appeared, he shone

• फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

• गात्रसंरुद्धः (gātrasaṁruddhaḥ) - enveloped and pressed by the limbs (of Mahadeva) (obstructed by the body, held by the limbs)

• देवदेवेन (devadevena) - by the God of gods, by Shiva

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Ablative form of 'tad' used as an indeclinable adverb.

निपीडितैः (nipīḍitaiḥ) - by pressed, by crushed, by afflicted

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of nipīḍita

nipīḍita - pressed, crushed, afflicted, oppressed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √pīḍ with the prefix 'ni-'.

Prefix: ni

Root: √pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'gātraiḥ'.

गात्रैः (gātraiḥ) - with limbs, with body parts

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of gātra

gātra - limb, body, part of the body

पिण्डीकृतः (piṇḍīkṛtaḥ) - made into a ball, lumped together, compacted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of piṇḍīkṛta

piṇḍīkṛta - made into a ball, agglomerated, compacted

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the denominal verb 'piṇḍīkṛ' (to make into a ball).

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'phalgunaḥ'.

इव (iva) - as if, like

(indeclinable)

अबबभौ (abababhau) - he appeared, he shone

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ā-√bhā

Imperfect tense form of the root √bhā with prefix 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: √bhā (class 2)

फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (a specific name), a tree name

गात्रसंरुद्धः (gātrasaṁruddhaḥ) - enveloped and pressed by the limbs (of Mahadeva) (obstructed by the body, held by the limbs)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gātrasaṃruddha

gātrasaṁruddha - obstructed by the body, held fast by limbs

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (gātra+saṃruddha)

• gātra – limb, body part
  noun (neuter)
• saṃruddha – obstructed, confined, held fast
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from the root √rudh with the prefix 'sam-'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: √rudh (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'phalgunaḥ'.

देवदेवेन (devadevena) - by the God of gods, by Shiva

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of devadeva

devadeva - god of gods, supreme deity (often Shiva)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (deva+deva)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a name (e.g., Dhṛtarāṣṭra)