महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-40, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
गतेषु तेषु सर्वेषु तपस्विषु महात्मसु ।
पिनाकपाणिर्भगवान्सर्वपापहरो हरः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
gateṣu teṣu sarveṣu tapasviṣu mahātmasu ,
pinākapāṇirbhagavānsarvapāpaharo haraḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca gateṣu teṣu sarveṣu tapasviṣu
mahātmasu pinākapaṇiḥ bhagavān sarvapāpaharaḥ haraḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: After all those great-souled ascetics (tapasvis) had departed, Lord Hara, the divine being who holds the Pināka bow and removes all sins—

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of this epic section, says. (Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• गतेषु (gateṣu) - when they had departed (having gone, departed, gone to)

• तेषु (teṣu) - when those (ascetics) (in them, among them, those)

• सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - when all (ascetics) (in all, among all)

• तपस्विषु (tapasviṣu) - when the ascetics (tapasvis) (in the ascetics, among the hermits)

• महात्मसु (mahātmasu) - when the great-souled ones (in the great-souled ones, among the noble ones)

• पिनाकपणिः (pinākapaṇiḥ) - Lord Shiva, who holds the Pināka bow. (one who holds the Pināka (bow), an epithet of Shiva)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - The divine being, Lord Shiva. (divine being, Lord, illustrious one, venerable)

• सर्वपापहरः (sarvapāpaharaḥ) - one who removes all sins. (remover of all sins)

• हरः (haraḥ) - Lord Hara (Shiva). (Remover, destroyer (an epithet of Shiva))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of this epic section, says. (Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a famous sage, disciple of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

From root vac, perfect active third person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

गतेषु (gateṣu) - when they had departed (having gone, departed, gone to)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived at, passed away

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially or as part of a locative absolute construction.

तेषु (teṣu) - when those (ascetics) (in them, among them, those)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to tapasviṣu and mahātmasu.

सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - when all (ascetics) (in all, among all)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Universal demonstrative pronoun or adjective.

Note: Adjective modifying tapasviṣu and mahātmasu.

तपस्विषु (tapasviṣu) - when the ascetics (tapasvis) (in the ascetics, among the hermits)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - an ascetic, a hermit, one who performs austerities (tapas)

From tapas (austerity) + vin suffix indicating possession.

Note: Forms part of a locative absolute construction with gateṣu.

महात्मसु (mahātmasu) - when the great-souled ones (in the great-souled ones, among the noble ones)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, a great being

Compound of mahā (great) and ātman (soul, self).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an

Note: Adjective modifying tapasviṣu.

पिनाकपणिः (pinākapaṇiḥ) - Lord Shiva, who holds the Pināka bow. (one who holds the Pināka (bow), an epithet of Shiva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pinākapaṇi

pinākapaṇi - holder of the Pināka bow (Shiva)

Compound: Pināka (name of Shiva's bow) + pāṇi (hand, holding).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pināka+pāṇi)

• pināka – name of Shiva's bow
  proper noun (neuter)
• pāṇi – hand, forearm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Hara (Shiva).

भगवान् (bhagavān) - The divine being, Lord Shiva. (divine being, Lord, illustrious one, venerable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - possessing fortune, prosperous, glorious, divine, venerable, Lord

From bhaga (fortune, excellence) + vat suffix.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Adjective for Hara.

सर्वपापहरः (sarvapāpaharaḥ) - one who removes all sins. (remover of all sins)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvapāpahara

sarvapāpahara - remover of all sins

Compound: sarva (all) + pāpa (sin) + hara (remover).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+pāpa+hara)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• pāpa – evil, bad, sin, wicked deed
  noun (neuter)
• hara – remover, destroyer, carrier away
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root hṛ (to carry, remove)
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective for Hara.

हरः (haraḥ) - Lord Hara (Shiva). (Remover, destroyer (an epithet of Shiva))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hara

hara - Shiva (as the destroyer), remover, seizer, captivating

From root hṛ (to take away, destroy).

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Main subject of the sentence (so far).