महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-40, verse-28

स दृष्ट्वा बाणवर्षं तन्मोघीभूतं धनंजयः ।
परमं विस्मयं चक्रे साधु साध्विति चाब्रवीत् ॥२८॥

28. sa dṛṣṭvā bāṇavarṣaṁ tanmoghībhūtaṁ dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
paramaṁ vismayaṁ cakre sādhu sādhviti cābravīt.

28. saḥ dṛṣṭvā bāṇavarṣam tat moghībhūtam dhanaṃjayaḥ
paramam vismayam cakre sādhu sādhu iti ca abravīt

28. Seeing that shower of arrows rendered ineffective, Dhananjaya (Arjuna) was greatly astonished and exclaimed, "Excellent! Excellent!"

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• बाणवर्षम् (bāṇavarṣam) - a shower of arrows

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the shower of arrows)

• मोघीभूतम् (moghībhūtam) - rendered useless, having become vain

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna, conqueror of wealth)

• परमम् (paramam) - great, supreme, utmost

• विस्मयम् (vismayam) - astonishment, wonder

• चक्रे (cakre) - he became, he felt (astonishment) (he made, he did)

• साधु (sādhu) - excellent, good, well done

• साधु (sādhu) - excellent, good, well done

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

• च (ca) - and

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: masculine singular nominative of 'tad'

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from root 'dṛś'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

बाणवर्षम् (bāṇavarṣam) - a shower of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bāṇavarṣa

bāṇavarṣa - shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṇa+varṣa)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower
  noun (neuter)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the shower of arrows)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मोघीभूतम् (moghībhūtam) - rendered useless, having become vain

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of moghībhūta

moghībhūta - rendered useless, made vain, having become ineffective

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'mogha' (useless) + root 'bhū' (to become), via 'ībhū' karana.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mogha+bhūta)

• mogha – useless, vain, fruitless
  adjective (masculine)
• bhūta – become, being (from root bhū)
  adjective (neuter)

Note: qualifies 'bāṇavarṣam'

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna, conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - Dhananjaya (an epithet of Arjuna, meaning 'conqueror of wealth')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest (from root ji)
  noun (masculine)

परमम् (paramam) - great, supreme, utmost

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, excellent, greatest

Note: qualifies 'vismayam'

विस्मयम् (vismayam) - astonishment, wonder

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vismaya

vismaya - astonishment, wonder, surprise

Derived from root 'smi' with prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

चक्रे (cakre) - he became, he felt (astonishment) (he made, he did)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect form, Ātmanepada.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Often used with 'vismayam' to mean 'to be astonished'.

साधु (sādhu) - excellent, good, well done

(indeclinable)

साधु (sādhu) - excellent, good, well done

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect form, augmented with 'a-'.

Root: brū (class 2)