महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-40, verse-40

ततोऽर्जुनो ग्रस्तधनुः खड्गपाणिरतिष्ठत ।
युद्धस्यान्तमभीप्सन्वै वेगेनाभिजगाम तम् ॥४०॥

40. tato'rjuno grastadhanuḥ khaḍgapāṇiratiṣṭhata ,
yuddhasyāntamabhīpsanvai vegenābhijagāma tam.

40. tataḥ arjunaḥ grastadhanuḥ khaḍgapāṇiḥ atiṣṭhata
yuddhasya antam abhīpsan vai vegena abhijagāma tam

40. Then Arjuna, his bow devoured and sword in hand, stood (there). Indeed, desiring the end of the battle, he rapidly approached him.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from there)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (a character in the Mahabharata)

• ग्रस्तधनुः (grastadhanuḥ) - his bow devoured (whose bow has been swallowed, with a swallowed bow)

• खड्गपाणिः (khaḍgapāṇiḥ) - sword in hand, holding a sword

• अतिष्ठत (atiṣṭhata) - he stood, he remained

• युद्धस्य (yuddhasya) - of the battle, of the fight

• अन्तम् (antam) - the end (of the battle) (end, conclusion)

• अभीप्सन् (abhīpsan) - desiring, wishing for

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly, quickly

• अभिजगाम (abhijagāma) - he approached, he went towards

• तम् (tam) - him (the mountain-dweller) (him, that one)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from there)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (a character in the Mahabharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a Pandava prince), white, silver

Note: The protagonist of the immediate narrative.

ग्रस्तधनुः (grastadhanuḥ) - his bow devoured (whose bow has been swallowed, with a swallowed bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of grastadhanus

grastadhanus - one whose bow has been swallowed or seized

Compound type : bahuvrihi (grasta+dhanus)

• grasta – swallowed, devoured, seized
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gras (to swallow)
  Root: gras (class 1)
• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes Arjuna's state.

खड्गपाणिः (khaḍgapāṇiḥ) - sword in hand, holding a sword

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khaḍgapāṇi

khaḍgapāṇi - one who has a sword in hand, sword-handed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (khaḍga+pāṇi)

• khaḍga – sword
  noun (masculine)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes Arjuna's state.

अतिष्ठत (atiṣṭhata) - he stood, he remained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

imperfect middle

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: sthā (class 1)

युद्धस्य (yuddhasya) - of the battle, of the fight

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle of yudh, used as a noun

Root: yudh (class 4)

अन्तम् (antam) - the end (of the battle) (end, conclusion)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anta

anta - end, limit, boundary, conclusion

Note: Object of 'desiring'.

अभीप्सन् (abhīpsan) - desiring, wishing for

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ips

ips - to desire, to wish for, to intend

Present Active Participle

From desiderative of root āp (to obtain) with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Describes Arjuna (nominative singular masculine).

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly, quickly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, rush, impulse

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Adverbial use.

अभिजगाम (abhijagāma) - he approached, he went towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of gam

perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada, with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him (the mountain-dweller) (him, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the mysterious adversary, the 'mountain-dweller' (girigocaraḥ) from the previous verse.