महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-163, verse-3

कथमर्जुन कालोऽयं स्वर्गे व्यतिगतस्तव ।
कथं चास्त्राण्यवाप्तानि देवराजश्च तोषितः ॥३॥

3. kathamarjuna kālo'yaṁ svarge vyatigatastava ,
kathaṁ cāstrāṇyavāptāni devarājaśca toṣitaḥ.

3. katham arjuna kālaḥ ayam svarge vyatigataḥ tava
katham ca astrāṇi avāptāni devarājaḥ ca toṣitaḥ

3. O Arjuna, how did you spend this time in heaven? And how did you obtain the weapons? And how was the king of the gods (devendra) pleased?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• स्वर्गे (svarge) - in heaven

• व्यतिगतः (vyatigataḥ) - passed away (referring to time spent) (passed, gone by, elapsed)

• तव (tava) - your (time) (your, by you)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - weapons

• अवाप्तानि (avāptāni) - obtained, gained

• देवराजः (devarājaḥ) - the king of the gods (Indra) (king of gods, Indra)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तोषितः (toṣitaḥ) - pleased, satisfied

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (proper name), white, silver

कालः (kālaḥ) - time

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

Note: Subject.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular masculine form.

Note: Agrees with kālaḥ.

स्वर्गे (svarge) - in heaven

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise

व्यतिगतः (vyatigataḥ) - passed away (referring to time spent) (passed, gone by, elapsed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatigata

vyatigata - passed, gone by, elapsed, deceased

Past Passive Participle

From the root √gam (to go) with prefixes 'vi-' and 'ati-', and the kta (Past Passive Participle) suffix.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively.

तव (tava) - your (time) (your, by you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Genitive singular of yuṣmad.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - weapons

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of astra

astra - weapon, missile, arrow

Derived from the root √as (to throw, shoot) + the suffix 'tra'.

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Subject of avāptāni.

अवाप्तानि (avāptāni) - obtained, gained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of avāpta

avāpta - obtained, gained, acquired

Past Passive Participle

From the root √āp (to obtain) with prefix 'ava-', and the kta (Past Passive Participle) suffix.

Prefixes: ava+ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Used predicatively.

देवराजः (devarājaḥ) - the king of the gods (Indra) (king of gods, Indra)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devarāja

devarāja - king of the gods, Indra

A compound noun.

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+rāja)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root √div (to shine).
  Root: div (class 4)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root √rāj (to rule, shine).
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of toṣitaḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तोषितः (toṣitaḥ) - pleased, satisfied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of toṣita

toṣita - pleased, satisfied, delighted

Past Passive Participle

From the causative of the root √tuṣ (to be pleased, class 4P), and the kta (Past Passive Participle) suffix.

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Used predicatively.