महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-163, verse-3

कथमर्जुन कालोऽयं स्वर्गे व्यतिगतस्तव ।
कथं चास्त्राण्यवाप्तानि देवराजश्च तोषितः ॥३॥

3. kathamarjuna kālo'yaṁ svarge vyatigatastava ,
kathaṁ cāstrāṇyavāptāni devarājaśca toṣitaḥ.

3. katham arjuna kālaḥ ayam svarge vyatigataḥ tava
katham ca astrāṇi avāptāni devarājaḥ ca toṣitaḥ

3. O Arjuna, how did you spend this time in heaven? And how did you obtain the weapons? And how was the king of the gods (devendra) pleased?

3. הו אַרְג׳וּנַה, איך עבר עליך הזמן הזה בשמיים? איך קיבלת את כלי הנשק, ואיך רצית את מלך האלים עד ששמח בך?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• स्वर्गे (svarge) - in heaven

• व्यतिगतः (vyatigataḥ) - passed away (referring to time spent) (passed, gone by, elapsed)

• तव (tava) - your (time) (your, by you)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - weapons

• अवाप्तानि (avāptāni) - obtained, gained

• देवराजः (devarājaḥ) - the king of the gods (Indra) (king of gods, Indra)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तोषितः (toṣitaḥ) - pleased, satisfied

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (proper name), white, silver

कालः (kālaḥ) - time

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

Note: Subject.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular masculine form.

Note: Agrees with kālaḥ.

स्वर्गे (svarge) - in heaven

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise

व्यतिगतः (vyatigataḥ) - passed away (referring to time spent) (passed, gone by, elapsed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatigata

vyatigata - passed, gone by, elapsed, deceased

Past Passive Participle

From the root √gam (to go) with prefixes 'vi-' and 'ati-', and the kta (Past Passive Participle) suffix.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively.

तव (tava) - your (time) (your, by you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Genitive singular of yuṣmad.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - weapons

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of astra

astra - weapon, missile, arrow

Derived from the root √as (to throw, shoot) + the suffix 'tra'.

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Subject of avāptāni.

अवाप्तानि (avāptāni) - obtained, gained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of avāpta

avāpta - obtained, gained, acquired

Past Passive Participle

From the root √āp (to obtain) with prefix 'ava-', and the kta (Past Passive Participle) suffix.

Prefixes: ava+ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Used predicatively.

देवराजः (devarājaḥ) - the king of the gods (Indra) (king of gods, Indra)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devarāja

devarāja - king of the gods, Indra

A compound noun.

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+rāja)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root √div (to shine).
  Root: div (class 4)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root √rāj (to rule, shine).
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of toṣitaḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तोषितः (toṣitaḥ) - pleased, satisfied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of toṣita

toṣita - pleased, satisfied, delighted

Past Passive Participle

From the causative of the root √tuṣ (to be pleased, class 4P), and the kta (Past Passive Participle) suffix.

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Used predicatively.

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