महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-163, verse-29

यदाभिभवितुं बाणैर्नैव शक्नोमि तं रणे ।
ततोऽहमस्त्रमातिष्ठं वायव्यं भरतर्षभ ॥२९॥

29. yadābhibhavituṁ bāṇairnaiva śaknomi taṁ raṇe ,
tato'hamastramātiṣṭhaṁ vāyavyaṁ bharatarṣabha.

29. yadā abhibhavitum bāṇaiḥ na eva śaknomi tam raṇe
tataḥ aham astram ātiṣṭham vāyavyam bharatarṣabha

29. When I was unable to overcome him with arrows in battle, O best of the Bhāratas, I then employed the Vāyavya (divine weapon) (astra).

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अभिभवितुम् (abhibhavitum) - to overcome (to overcome, to overpower, to conquer)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizes the negation) (indeed, only, just)

• शक्नोमि (śaknomi) - I was able (present tense used for past narrative) (I am able, I can)

• तम् (tam) - him (the opponent) (him, that (one))

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (thence, from that, then, therefore)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I)

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - an astra (divine weapon) (weapon, missile, divine weapon)

• आतिष्ठम् (ātiṣṭham) - I employed (I employed, I stood upon, I used)

• वायव्यम् (vāyavyam) - Vāyavya (an astra related to the wind god) (aerial, relating to Vāyu (the wind god))

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (an address) (O best of Bhāratas, O bull among Bhāratas)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'ya' + '-dā' suffix.

अभिभवितुम् (abhibhavitum) - to overcome (to overcome, to overpower, to conquer)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the verb 'abhi-bhū' (to overcome).

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Root: baṇ

Note: Means by which one would overcome.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'śaknomi'.

एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizes the negation) (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

शक्नोमि (śaknomi) - I was able (present tense used for past narrative) (I am able, I can)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śak

First person singular present active of root śak (5th class).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Implies the speaker (aham).

तम् (tam) - him (the opponent) (him, that (one))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of the infinitive 'abhibhavitum'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

Root: raṇ

Note: Location of the action.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (thence, from that, then, therefore)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

अस्त्रम् (astram) - an astra (divine weapon) (weapon, missile, divine weapon)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, divine weapon

Derived from root 'as' (to throw).

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Object of 'ātiṣṭham'.

आतिष्ठम् (ātiṣṭham) - I employed (I employed, I stood upon, I used)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āsthā

First person singular imperfect active of ā-sthā (root sthā, to stand, with preverb ā).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

वायव्यम् (vāyavyam) - Vāyavya (an astra related to the wind god) (aerial, relating to Vāyu (the wind god))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vāyavya

vāyavya - relating to Vāyu, aerial, windy

Derived from 'Vāyu' (wind god) with '-yaṭ' suffix.

Note: Qualifies 'astram', matching its gender, number, and case.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (an address) (O best of Bhāratas, O bull among Bhāratas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, bull among Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to the listener.