महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-163, verse-20

ततोऽहं धनुरादाय तथाक्षय्यौ महेषुधी ।
अताडयं शरेणाथ तद्भूतं लोमहर्षणम् ॥२०॥

20. tato'haṁ dhanurādāya tathākṣayyau maheṣudhī ,
atāḍayaṁ śareṇātha tadbhūtaṁ lomaharṣaṇam.

20. tataḥ aham dhanuḥ ādāya tathā akṣayyau maheṣudhī
atāḍayam śareṇa atha tad bhūtam lomaharṣaṇam

20. Then, taking my bow and the two inexhaustible great quivers, I struck that terrifying being with an arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, thereafter

• अहम् (aham) - I

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• आदाय (ādāya) - taking, having taken

• तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus

• अक्षय्यौ (akṣayyau) - two inexhaustible

• महेषुधी (maheṣudhī) - two great quivers

• अताडयम् (atāḍayam) - I struck

• शरेण (śareṇa) - with an arrow

• अथ (atha) - then, and, now

• तद् (tad) - that

• भूतम् (bhūtam) - that particular being (the Kirāta) (being, creature)

• लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, terrifying

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal base tad.

Note: Adverb of time.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: The speaker of the verse.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, arch

Root: dhan

Note: Object of 'ādāya'.

आदाय (ādāya) - taking, having taken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dā (to give, take) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Connects 'taking' with the main action 'struck'.

तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अक्षय्यौ (akṣayyau) - two inexhaustible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of akṣayya

akṣayya - inexhaustible, imperishable, unfailing

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Derived from root kṣi (to perish) with negative prefix a- and potential passive suffix -ayya.

Prefix: a

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Here used as a possessive adjective.

महेषुधी (maheṣudhī) - two great quivers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of maheṣudhi

maheṣudhi - great quiver

Compound of mahat (great) and iṣudhi (quiver).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+iṣudhi)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
  Present active participle of root mah (to be great) used as an adjective.
  Root: mah (class 1)
• iṣudhi – quiver (for arrows)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from iṣu (arrow) and dhā (to place).
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Objects of 'ādāya'.

अताडयम् (atāḍayam) - I struck

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of tāḍ

Causative, Imperfect Active

Imperfect 1st person singular active of the causative stem of root taḍ.

Root: taḍ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

शरेण (śareṇa) - with an arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ

Note: Instrument of striking.

अथ (atha) - then, and, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects actions chronologically.

तद् (tad) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative adjective agreeing with 'bhūtam'.

भूतम् (bhūtam) - that particular being (the Kirāta) (being, creature)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, ghost, past, element

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhū (to be, become). Used here as a noun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of 'atāḍayam'.

लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, terrifying

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - hair-raising, causing horripilation, terrifying, horrible

Compound of loman (hair) and harṣaṇa (causing erection/thrill).

Compound type : tatpurusha (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair, down
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing thrill/excitement, animating, terrifying
  participle (neuter)
  Agent Noun / Causative Participle
  Derived from root hṛṣ (to thrill, be excited) with causative suffix -ṇic and agentive/nominalizing suffix -ana.
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)