महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-42, verse-8

बहिरात्मान इत्येते दीनाः कृपणवृत्तयः ।
प्राणापानावुदानश्च समानो व्यान एव च ॥८॥

8. bahirātmāna ityete dīnāḥ kṛpaṇavṛttayaḥ ,
prāṇāpānāvudānaśca samāno vyāna eva ca.

8. bahiḥ ātmānaḥ iti ete dīnāḥ kṛpaṇavṛttayaḥ
prāṇāpānau udānaḥ ca samānaḥ vyānaḥ eva ca

8. ete bahiḥ ātmānaḥ iti dīnāḥ kṛpaṇavṛttayaḥ
prāṇāpānau udānaḥ ca samānaḥ vyānaḥ eva ca

8. These are considered the outer selves (ātman), miserable and of wretched behavior. Prāṇa, apāna, udāna, samāna, and vyāna are also (the vital airs).

Words meanings summery:

• बहिः (bahiḥ) - outside, external, outer

• आत्मानः (ātmānaḥ) - selves, souls, spirits, the (ātman)

• इति (iti) - Used to introduce a designation or description. (thus, so, in this manner, marking quotation)

• एते (ete) - Refers to the beings described in the previous verse, or generally worldly beings. (these, they)

• दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - miserable, wretched, distressed, sad

• कृपणवृत्तयः (kṛpaṇavṛttayaḥ) - of wretched disposition, having a miserable conduct/behavior

• प्राणापानौ (prāṇāpānau) - The first two of the five vital airs (pañcaprāṇa). (prāṇa and apāna (the two vital breaths))

• उदानः (udānaḥ) - One of the five vital airs, controlling upward movements (speech, effort). (the vital air udāna (upward breath))

• च (ca) - and, also

• समानः (samānaḥ) - One of the five vital airs, responsible for digestion and distribution of nutrients. (the vital air samāna (equalizing breath))

• व्यानः (vyānaḥ) - One of the five vital airs, responsible for circulation and pervading the body. (the vital air vyāna (diffused breath))

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

बहिः (bahiḥ) - outside, external, outer

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms a compound with ātman.

आत्मानः (ātmānaḥ) - selves, souls, spirits, the (ātman)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, mind, body, life

Root: an (class 2)

Note: In compound `bahirātman`, referring to those who identify with external aspects.

इति (iti) - Used to introduce a designation or description. (thus, so, in this manner, marking quotation)

(indeclinable)

एते (ete) - Refers to the beings described in the previous verse, or generally worldly beings. (these, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etat

etat - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Masculine plural nominative, agreeing with `ātmānaḥ`, `dīnāḥ`, `kṛpaṇavṛttayaḥ`.

दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - miserable, wretched, distressed, sad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīna

dīna - miserable, wretched, distressed, sad

From root dai/dī 'to pine, be sad'.

Root: dī

Note: Agrees with `ete`.

कृपणवृत्तयः (kṛpaṇavṛttayaḥ) - of wretched disposition, having a miserable conduct/behavior

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛpaṇavṛtti

kṛpaṇavṛtti - wretched disposition/behavior, miserable conduct

Compound of kṛpaṇa and vṛtti.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛpaṇa+vṛtti)

• kṛpaṇa – wretched, miserable, poor, stingy
  adjective (masculine)
  From root kṛp- 'to lament, be miserable'
  Root: kṛp (class 1)
• vṛtti – conduct, course of action, behavior, disposition, livelihood
  noun (feminine)
  From root vṛt- 'to turn, exist'
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `ete`.

प्राणापानौ (prāṇāpānau) - The first two of the five vital airs (pañcaprāṇa). (prāṇa and apāna (the two vital breaths))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prāṇāpāna

prāṇāpāna - prāṇa and apāna

Dvandva compound of prāṇa and apāna.

Compound type : dvandva (prāṇa+apāna)

• prāṇa – vital breath, life-force, the specific vital air associated with respiration
  noun (masculine)
  From pra- + an- 'to breathe'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• apāna – downward breath, exhalation, one of the five vital airs
  noun (masculine)
  From apa- + an- 'to breathe'.
  Prefix: apa
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Refers to the pair of vital airs, prāṇa and apāna.

उदानः (udānaḥ) - One of the five vital airs, controlling upward movements (speech, effort). (the vital air udāna (upward breath))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udāna

udāna - upward breath, one of the five vital airs (pañcaprāṇa)

From ud- + an- 'to breathe'.

Prefix: ud

Root: an (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

समानः (samānaḥ) - One of the five vital airs, responsible for digestion and distribution of nutrients. (the vital air samāna (equalizing breath))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāna

samāna - equalizing breath, one of the five vital airs (pañcaprāṇa); uniform, equal, similar

From sam- + an- 'to breathe'.

Prefix: sam

Root: an (class 2)

व्यानः (vyānaḥ) - One of the five vital airs, responsible for circulation and pervading the body. (the vital air vyāna (diffused breath))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāna

vyāna - diffused breath, one of the five vital airs (pañcaprāṇa)

From vi- + an- 'to breathe'.

Prefix: vi

Root: an (class 2)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)