महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-14, chapter-42, verse-57
कामकूलामपारान्तां मनःस्रोतोभयावहाम् ।
नदीं दुर्गह्रदां तीर्णः कामक्रोधावुभौ जयेत् ॥५७॥
नदीं दुर्गह्रदां तीर्णः कामक्रोधावुभौ जयेत् ॥५७॥
57. kāmakūlāmapārāntāṁ manaḥsrotobhayāvahām ,
nadīṁ durgahradāṁ tīrṇaḥ kāmakrodhāvubhau jayet.
nadīṁ durgahradāṁ tīrṇaḥ kāmakrodhāvubhau jayet.
57.
kāmakūlām apārāntām manaḥsrotobhayāvahām nadīm
durgahradām tīrṇaḥ kāmakrodhau ubhau jayet
durgahradām tīrṇaḥ kāmakrodhau ubhau jayet
57.
tīrṇaḥ kāmakūlām apārāntām manaḥsrotobhayāvahām
durgahradām nadīm ubhau kāmakrodhau jayet
durgahradām nadīm ubhau kāmakrodhau jayet
57.
Having successfully crossed this river—one characterized by desire (kāma) as its banks, being boundless, generating fear through its mental currents, and possessing dangerous whirlpools—one should then conquer both desire (kāma) and anger (krodha).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कामकूलाम् (kāmakūlām) - having desire as its bank
- अपारान्ताम् (apārāntām) - boundless, endless
- मनःस्रोतोभयावहाम् (manaḥsrotobhayāvahām) - bearing fear from its mind-currents
- नदीम् (nadīm) - the river of mundane existence (saṃsāra) (a river)
- दुर्गह्रदाम् (durgahradām) - having difficult-to-cross depths/whirlpools
- तीर्णः (tīrṇaḥ) - having crossed, having overcome
- कामक्रोधौ (kāmakrodhau) - desire and anger
- उभौ (ubhau) - both
- जयेत् (jayet) - should conquer, may conquer
Words meanings and morphology
कामकूलाम् (kāmakūlām) - having desire as its bank
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of kāmakūlā
kāmakūlā - having desire as its bank/shore
compound of kāma (desire) and kūlā (bank, shore)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+kūlā)
- kāma – desire, wish, love
noun (masculine)
from root kam- "to desire"
Root: kam (class 1) - kūlā – bank, shore, river-bank
noun (feminine)
अपारान्ताम् (apārāntām) - boundless, endless
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of apārāntā
apārāntā - having no end, boundless, infinite
compound of a- (negation) and parānta (end)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parānta)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
negation prefix - parānta – end, limit, conclusion
noun (masculine)
compound of para (other, ultimate) and anta (end)
मनःस्रोतोभयावहाम् (manaḥsrotobhayāvahām) - bearing fear from its mind-currents
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of manaḥsrotobhayāvahā
manaḥsrotobhayāvahā - causing fear through the currents of the mind
compound of manas (mind) + srotas (current) + bhaya (fear) + āvaha (bringing)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manas+srotas+bhaya+āvahā)
- manas – mind, intellect, heart
noun (neuter)
from root man- "to think"
Root: man (class 4) - srotas – current, stream, torrent
noun (neuter)
from root sru- "to flow"
Root: sru (class 1) - bhaya – fear, dread
noun (neuter)
from root bhī- "to fear"
Root: bhī (class 3) - āvaha – bringing, causing, producing
adjective (feminine)
from prefix ā- + root vah- "to carry"
Prefix: ā
Root: vah (class 1)
नदीम् (nadīm) - the river of mundane existence (saṃsāra) (a river)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī
nadī - river, stream
from root nad- "to sound, roar"
Root: nad (class 1)
Note: Object of the participle 'tīrṇaḥ'.
दुर्गह्रदाम् (durgahradām) - having difficult-to-cross depths/whirlpools
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of durgahradā
durgahradā - having difficult whirlpools or deep pools
compound of durga (difficult to access) and hrada (deep pool, whirlpool)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (durga+hrada)
- durga – difficult to access, fortress, difficult path
adjective/noun (masculine/neuter)
compound of dus- (difficult) + ga (going)
Prefix: dus
Root: gam (class 1) - hrada – deep pool, lake, whirlpool
noun (masculine)
from root hrad- "to sound"
Root: hrad (class 1)
तीर्णः (tīrṇaḥ) - having crossed, having overcome
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tīrṇa
tīrṇa - crossed, overcome, passed over
Past Passive Participle
from root tṛ- "to cross, to overcome"
Root: tṛ (class 1)
Note: Nom. sing. masc. subject, implying "he who has crossed".
कामक्रोधौ (kāmakrodhau) - desire and anger
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, dual of kāmakrodha
kāmakrodha - desire and anger
compound of kāma and krodha
Compound type : dvandva (kāma+krodha)
- kāma – desire, wish, love
noun (masculine)
from root kam- "to desire"
Root: kam (class 1) - krodha – anger, wrath
noun (masculine)
from root krudh- "to be angry"
Root: krudh (class 4)
Note: Object of 'jayet'.
उभौ (ubhau) - both
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, dual of ubha
ubha - both
dual form of a pronominal adjective
Note: Agrees with 'kāmakrodhau'.
जयेत् (jayet) - should conquer, may conquer
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of ji
optative active
Class 1 verb (bhv-ādi)
Root: ji (class 1)
Note: The implied subject is 'tīrṇaḥ' (the one who has crossed).