महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-42, verse-22

भित्त्वा तु पृथिवीं यानि जायन्ते कालपर्ययात् ।
उद्भिज्जानीति तान्याहुर्भूतानि द्विजसत्तमाः ॥२२॥

22. bhittvā tu pṛthivīṁ yāni jāyante kālaparyayāt ,
udbhijjānīti tānyāhurbhūtāni dvijasattamāḥ.

22. bhittvā tu pṛthivīm yāni jāyante kālaparyayāt
udbhijjāni iti tāni āhuḥ bhūtāni dvijasattamāḥ

22. dvijasattamāḥ! yāni bhūtāni tu kālaparyayāt pṛthivīm bhittvā jāyante,
tāni udbhijjāni iti āhuḥ

22. O best among the twice-born (dvija)! Those beings which emerge by splitting the earth over time are called sprout-born (udbhijja).

Words meanings summery:

• भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having split (having split, having broken)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, and)

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth (earth, ground)

• यानि (yāni) - which (beings) (which, what)

• जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born, emerge (are born, arise)

• कालपर्ययात् (kālaparyayāt) - over time, at the turn of time (by the succession of time, in the course of time)

• उद्भिज्जानि (udbhijjāni) - sprout-born (beings) (sprout-born, plant-born)

• इति (iti) - as (indicating classification) (thus, so, this way, indicating direct speech or enumeration)

• तानि (tāni) - those (beings) (those, them)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call (they say, they call)

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings (beings, creatures)

• द्विजसत्तमाः (dvijasattamāḥ) - O best among the twice-born (dvija) (O best among the twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having split (having split, having broken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'bhid' (to split).

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Describes the action of splitting.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for emphasis or transition.

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth (earth, ground)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, world

Note: Object of 'bhittvā'.

यानि (yāni) - which (beings) (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'bhūtāni'.

जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born, emerge (are born, arise)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present Middle

From root 'jan' (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'yāni' and 'bhūtāni'.

कालपर्ययात् (kālaparyayāt) - over time, at the turn of time (by the succession of time, in the course of time)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kālaparyaya

kālaparyaya - succession of time, passage of time, turn of time

Compound of 'kāla' (time) + 'paryaya' (turn, succession).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kāla+paryaya)

• kāla – time
  noun (masculine)
• paryaya – turn, succession, course
  noun (masculine)
  From 'pari-' (around) and root 'i' (to go).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates the cause or manner of birth.

उद्भिज्जानि (udbhijjāni) - sprout-born (beings) (sprout-born, plant-born)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of udbhijja

udbhijja - sprout-born, plant-born

Derived from 'ud-bhij' (to sprout, burst forth) + 'ja' (born).

Prefix: ud

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Predicate adjective in apposition with 'tāni bhūtāni'.

इति (iti) - as (indicating classification) (thus, so, this way, indicating direct speech or enumeration)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the quoted or classified term.

तानि (tāni) - those (beings) (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those, them

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ', referring back to 'yāni bhūtāni'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call (they say, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect Active

From root 'ah' (to say, to speak).

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is 'people' or 'sages'.

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings (beings, creatures)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, to exist).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ', in apposition with 'tāni'.

द्विजसत्तमाः (dvijasattamāḥ) - O best among the twice-born (dvija) (O best among the twice-born)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best among the twice-born

Compound of 'dvija' (twice-born) + 'sattama' (best, most excellent). 'Sattama' is a superlative suffix.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (a brahmin, kṣatriya, vaiśya; also a bird, a tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'dvi' (two) + 'ja' (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sattama – best, most excellent (superlative)
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix '-tama' added to 'sat' (good, existing).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Address to the audience.