महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-42, verse-12

एकादश च यान्याहुरिन्द्रियाणि विशेषतः ।
अहंकारप्रसूतानि तानि वक्ष्याम्यहं द्विजाः ॥१२॥

12. ekādaśa ca yānyāhurindriyāṇi viśeṣataḥ ,
ahaṁkāraprasūtāni tāni vakṣyāmyahaṁ dvijāḥ.

12. ekādaśa ca yāni āhuḥ indriyāṇi viśeṣataḥ
ahaṃkāraprasūtāni tāni vakṣyāmi aham dvijāḥ

12. O twice-born ones, I shall now explain those eleven sense organs which are especially said to be born from ego (ahaṃkāra).

Words meanings summery:

• एकादश (ekādaśa) - eleven

• च (ca) - Connects this statement. (and, also)

• यानि (yāni) - Refers to the 'indriyāṇi' (sense organs). (which, what)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - They (wise persons or scriptures) declare. (they say, they call, it is said)

• इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - The eleven sense organs, including the mind (though mind is explicitly mentioned as eleventh in the next verse). (sense organs, faculties of perception and action)

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - Emphasizes that these are particularly singled out as 'ahaṃkāraprasūtāni'. (especially, particularly, specifically)

• अहंकारप्रसूतानि (ahaṁkāraprasūtāni) - The sense organs (indriyāṇi) that originate from the principle of ego. (born from ego)

• तानि (tāni) - Referring back to 'indriyāṇi'. (those)

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - The speaker (e.g., Vyasa) stating his intention to enumerate the senses. (I will say, I will declare, I will explain)

• अहम् (aham) - The speaker. (I)

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Addressing brahmins or members of the three higher varṇas. (O twice-born ones)

Words meanings and morphology

एकादश (ekādaśa) - eleven

(numeral)

Compound type : dvandva (eka+daśan)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral
• daśan – ten
  numeral

Note: Refers to 'indriyāṇi'.

च (ca) - Connects this statement. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

यानि (yāni) - Refers to the 'indriyāṇi' (sense organs). (which, what)

(pronoun)

neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Note: Subject/object of 'āhuḥ'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - They (wise persons or scriptures) declare. (they say, they call, it is said)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect form from root 'vac'. 'āha' (3rd sing), 'āhuḥ' (3rd plu).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Impersonal subject 'they' or general consensus.

इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - The eleven sense organs, including the mind (though mind is explicitly mentioned as eleventh in the next verse). (sense organs, faculties of perception and action)

(noun)

neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - pertaining to Indra; power, faculty, sense organ, organ of sense or action

Derived from 'indra' + 'ya' suffix.

Note: Can be subject of 'āhuḥ' or object. Here, it is the object.

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - Emphasizes that these are particularly singled out as 'ahaṃkāraprasūtāni'. (especially, particularly, specifically)

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix 'tas' to indicate 'from/by way of distinction'.

Note: Modifies 'āhuḥ'.

अहंकारप्रसूतानि (ahaṁkāraprasūtāni) - The sense organs (indriyāṇi) that originate from the principle of ego. (born from ego)

(adjective)

neuter, plural of ahaṃkāraprasūta

ahaṁkāraprasūta - born from ego, produced by ego

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'ahaṃkāra' + 'prasūta'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ahaṃkāra+prasūta)

• ahaṃkāra – ego, egoism, the sense of 'I' or 'mine'
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'aham' (I) + 'kāra' (making/doer).
  Root: kṛ
• prasūta – born, produced, brought forth
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'pra' + root 'sū' (to produce, give birth).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'indriyāṇi'.

तानि (tāni) - Referring back to 'indriyāṇi'. (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'vakṣyāmi'.

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - The speaker (e.g., Vyasa) stating his intention to enumerate the senses. (I will say, I will declare, I will explain)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future Active

Future form from root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - The speaker. (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'vakṣyāmi'.

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Addressing brahmins or members of the three higher varṇas. (O twice-born ones)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (referring to brahmins, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas, or metaphorically to birds or teeth)

Compound of 'dvi' (twice) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan

Note: Term of address.