महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-42, verse-21

संस्वेदाः कृमयः प्रोक्ता जन्तवश्च तथाविधाः ।
जन्म द्वितीयमित्येतज्जघन्यतरमुच्यते ॥२१॥

21. saṁsvedāḥ kṛmayaḥ proktā jantavaśca tathāvidhāḥ ,
janma dvitīyamityetajjaghanyataramucyate.

21. saṃsvedāḥ kṛmayaḥ proktāḥ jantavaḥ ca tathāvidhāḥ
janma dvitīyam iti etat jaghanyataram ucyate

21. saṃsvedāḥ kṛmayaḥ ca tathāvidhāḥ jantavaḥ proktāḥ
etat janma dvitīyam jaghanyataram iti ucyate

21. The moisture-born (saṃsveda) are declared to be worms and similar creatures. This is said to be the second, more inferior birth.

Words meanings summery:

• संस्वेदाः (saṁsvedāḥ) - moisture-born (beings) (moisture-born, sweat-born (creatures))

• कृमयः (kṛmayaḥ) - worms (worms, insects)

• प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - are declared (declared, said, proclaimed)

• जन्तवः (jantavaḥ) - creatures (creatures, living beings)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तथाविधाः (tathāvidhāḥ) - similar (creatures) (of that kind, similar)

• जन्म (janma) - birth (birth, origin)

• द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second

• इति (iti) - thus, this (referring to the previous statement) (thus, so, this way)

• एतत् (etat) - this (birth) (this, that)

• जघन्यतरम् (jaghanyataram) - more inferior (more inferior, lower, worse)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

Words meanings and morphology

संस्वेदाः (saṁsvedāḥ) - moisture-born (beings) (moisture-born, sweat-born (creatures))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃsvedaja

saṁsvedaja - moisture-born, sweat-born

Derived from 'saṃsveda' (sweat) + 'ja' (born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'proktāḥ'.

कृमयः (kṛmayaḥ) - worms (worms, insects)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛmi

kṛmi - worm, insect, larva

Note: Predicate nominative to 'saṃsvedāḥ' in apposition.

प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - are declared (declared, said, proclaimed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prokta

prokta - declared, said, proclaimed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'pra-' + root 'vac' (to speak), past participle 'ukta'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Describes 'saṃsvedāḥ' and 'jantavaḥ'.

जन्तवः (jantavaḥ) - creatures (creatures, living beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jantu

jantu - creature, living being, animal

Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Co-subject with 'kṛmayaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

तथाविधाः (tathāvidhāḥ) - similar (creatures) (of that kind, similar)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tathāvidha

tathāvidha - of that kind, similar, such like

Compound of 'tathā' (so, thus) + 'vidha' (kind, sort).

Note: Qualifies 'jantavaḥ'.

जन्म (janma) - birth (birth, origin)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of janman

janman - birth, origin, life, existence

Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'ucyate'.

द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second

Ordinal numeral from 'dvi' (two).

Note: Qualifies 'janma'.

इति (iti) - thus, this (referring to the previous statement) (thus, so, this way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the characterization of this birth type.

एतत् (etat) - this (birth) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to the 'janma dvitīyam'.

जघन्यतरम् (jaghanyataram) - more inferior (more inferior, lower, worse)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jaghanyatara

jaghanyatara - more inferior, lower, worse (comparative degree of jaghanya)

Comparative degree formed with '-tara' suffix from 'jaghanya' (lowest, worst).

Note: Predicate adjective to 'janma'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present Passive

From root 'vac' (to speak). Passive form with 'u-' stem replacement.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'janma' and 'etat'.