महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-42, verse-45

विद्वान्कूर्म इवाङ्गानि कामान्संहृत्य सर्वशः ।
विरजाः सर्वतो मुक्तो यो नरः स सुखी सदा ॥४५॥

45. vidvānkūrma ivāṅgāni kāmānsaṁhṛtya sarvaśaḥ ,
virajāḥ sarvato mukto yo naraḥ sa sukhī sadā.

45. vidvān kūrmaḥ iva aṅgāni kāmān saṃhṛtya sarvaśaḥ
virajāḥ sarvataḥ muktaḥ yaḥ naraḥ saḥ sukhī sadā

45. That person who, like a tortoise withdrawing its limbs, completely retracts all desires, and who is pure (viraja) and entirely liberated, that person is always truly happy.

Words meanings summery:

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - a wise person (wise, knowing, learned person)

• कूर्मः (kūrmaḥ) - a tortoise (tortoise, turtle)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• अङ्गानि (aṅgāni) - its limbs (limbs, body parts, senses)

• कामान् (kāmān) - desires (desires, wishes, pleasures)

• संहृत्य (saṁhṛtya) - having withdrawn (having withdrawn, having drawn in, having collected)

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - completely (entirely, completely, from all sides)

• विरजाः (virajāḥ) - pure (dustless, spotless, pure, passionless)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - entirely (from all sides, completely, in every respect)

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (liberated, released, freed)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person, human being)

• सः (saḥ) - that person (he, that)

• सुखी (sukhī) - happy (happy, joyful, comfortable)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

Words meanings and morphology

विद्वान् (vidvān) - a wise person (wise, knowing, learned person)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - knowing, wise, learned

perfect active participle

from root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Acts as a noun.

कूर्मः (kūrmaḥ) - a tortoise (tortoise, turtle)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kūrma

kūrma - tortoise, turtle

Note: Used in comparison.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अङ्गानि (aṅgāni) - its limbs (limbs, body parts, senses)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of aṅga

aṅga - limb, body part, sense

Note: Object of comparison to kāmān.

कामान् (kāmān) - desires (desires, wishes, pleasures)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, pleasure

from root kam

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Object of saṃhṛtya.

संहृत्य (saṁhṛtya) - having withdrawn (having withdrawn, having drawn in, having collected)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

from saṃ-hṛ

Prefix: sam

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Gerund/absolutive.

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - completely (entirely, completely, from all sides)

(indeclinable)

from sarva with suffix -śaḥ

विरजाः (virajāḥ) - pure (dustless, spotless, pure, passionless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virajas

virajas - dustless, spotless, pure, passionless

compound of vi (without) + rajas (dust, impurity)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+rajas)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
  prefix
• rajas – dust, impurity, passion (guṇa)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Adjective for nara.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - entirely (from all sides, completely, in every respect)

(indeclinable)

from sarva with suffix -tas

Note: Modifies muktaḥ.

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (liberated, released, freed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - liberated, released, freed

past passive participle

from root muc

Root: muc (class 6)

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

relative pronoun

Note: Relative pronoun.

नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person, human being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Root: nṛ

Note: Antecedent of saḥ.

सः (saḥ) - that person (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Correlative pronoun.

सुखी (sukhī) - happy (happy, joyful, comfortable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sukhin

sukhin - happy, joyful, possessing happiness

from sukha with suffix -in

Note: Predicate adjective for saḥ.

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

(indeclinable)

from sarva with suffix -dā