महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-42, verse-30

चतुर्थमापो विज्ञेयं जिह्वा चाध्यात्ममिष्यते ।
अधिभूतं रसश्चात्र सोमस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥३०॥

30. caturthamāpo vijñeyaṁ jihvā cādhyātmamiṣyate ,
adhibhūtaṁ rasaścātra somastatrādhidaivatam.

30. caturtham āpaḥ vijñeyam jihvā ca adhyātmam iṣyate
adhibhūtam rasaḥ ca atra somaḥ tatra adhidaivatam

30. āpaḥ caturtham vijñeyam jihvā ca adhyātmam iṣyate
atra rasaḥ ca adhibhūtam tatra somaḥ adhidaivatam

30. Water (āpaḥ) should be known as the fourth (element). The tongue (jihvā) is considered its inner faculty (adhyātma), and taste (rasa) is its gross object (adhibhūta) here. Soma (the moon) is its presiding deity (adhidaivata).

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - the fourth (element) (fourth)

• आपः (āpaḥ) - the element of water (āpaḥ) (water, waters)

• विज्ञेयम् (vijñeyam) - should be known (to be known, knowable)

• जिह्वा (jihvā) - the sense organ of taste, the tongue (tongue, organ of taste)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - the inner faculty or subjective aspect (adhyātma), here referring to the sense organ connected to the element (pertaining to the self/spirit, inner faculty)

• इष्यते (iṣyate) - is considered or desired (as such) (is desired, is sought, is considered)

• अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - the objective manifestation or gross object (adhibhūta), here referring to the sense object connected to the element (pertaining to beings/elements, objective manifestation)

• रसः (rasaḥ) - taste (as the object of the tongue) (taste, juice, essence, emotion)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this context (here, in this, in this case)

• सोमः (somaḥ) - Soma, the moon (as the presiding deity for water) (Soma (a divine drink or deity), moon)

• तत्र (tatra) - in that context, for that (element) (there, in that place, in that case)

• अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - the presiding deity or divine aspect (adhidaivata), here referring to the deity connected to the element (pertaining to the gods, presiding deity)

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - the fourth (element) (fourth)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of caturtha

caturtha - fourth

Note: Agrees with 'vijñeyam' (understood to refer to 'element').

आपः (āpaḥ) - the element of water (āpaḥ) (water, waters)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water, waters

Note: Used as the subject.

विज्ञेयम् (vijñeyam) - should be known (to be known, knowable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vijñeya

vijñeya - to be known, knowable, discernible

Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)

Derived from root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'vi' and suffix -eya.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

जिह्वा (jihvā) - the sense organ of taste, the tongue (tongue, organ of taste)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jihvā

jihvā - tongue, organ of taste; speech

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - the inner faculty or subjective aspect (adhyātma), here referring to the sense organ connected to the element (pertaining to the self/spirit, inner faculty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyātma

adhyātma - pertaining to the self, spiritual, subjective; the internal faculty or sense organ related to a specific element

Compound type : avyayībhāva (adhi+ātman)

• adhi – over, above, concerning, pertaining to
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, vital breath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

इष्यते (iṣyate) - is considered or desired (as such) (is desired, is sought, is considered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Passive

From root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire).

Root: iṣ (class 4)

अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - the objective manifestation or gross object (adhibhūta), here referring to the sense object connected to the element (pertaining to beings/elements, objective manifestation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhibhūta

adhibhūta - pertaining to created beings or elements; the objective manifestation or gross object related to a specific element

Compound type : avyayībhāva (adhi+bhūta)

• adhi – over, above, concerning, pertaining to
  indeclinable
• bhūta – element; being; created thing
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

रसः (rasaḥ) - taste (as the object of the tongue) (taste, juice, essence, emotion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, flavor; juice, fluid, essence; sentiment, emotion

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this context (here, in this, in this case)

(indeclinable)

सोमः (somaḥ) - Soma, the moon (as the presiding deity for water) (Soma (a divine drink or deity), moon)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - Soma (a Vedic deity, plant, and its juice); the moon; nectar

तत्र (tatra) - in that context, for that (element) (there, in that place, in that case)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to 'āpaḥ'.

अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - the presiding deity or divine aspect (adhidaivata), here referring to the deity connected to the element (pertaining to the gods, presiding deity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhidaivata

adhidaivata - pertaining to the gods; the presiding deity or divine aspect related to a specific element

Compound type : avyayībhāva (adhi+devatā)

• adhi – over, above, concerning, pertaining to
  indeclinable
• devatā – divinity, godhead, deity
  noun (feminine)
  From deva + tā (feminine suffix)