महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-153, verse-6

स निर्ययौ गजपुराद्याजकैः परिवारितः ।
दृष्ट्वा निवृत्तमादित्यं प्रवृत्तं चोत्तरायणम् ॥६॥

6. sa niryayau gajapurādyājakaiḥ parivāritaḥ ,
dṛṣṭvā nivṛttamādityaṁ pravṛttaṁ cottarāyaṇam.

6. saḥ niryayau gajapurāt yājakaiḥ parivāritaḥ
dṛṣṭvā nivṛttam ādityam pravṛttam ca uttarāyaṇam

6. saḥ yājakaiḥ parivāritaḥ nivṛttam ādityam ca
uttarāyaṇam pravṛttam dṛṣṭvā gajapurāt niryayau

6. He, surrounded by priests, departed from Gajapura, having observed the sun's return (from its southward journey) and the commencement of the northward course (uttarāyaṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he

• निर्ययौ (niryayau) - departed, went out

• गजपुरात् (gajapurāt) - from Gajapura (Hastinapura)

• याजकैः (yājakaiḥ) - by priests, by those who perform Vedic rituals

• परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived, having observed

• निवृत्तम् (nivṛttam) - returned (from southward course) (returned, turned back, ceased)

• आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun, a son of Aditi

• प्रवृत्तम् (pravṛttam) - commenced, begun, started

• च (ca) - and, also

• उत्तरायणम् (uttarāyaṇam) - northward course (of the sun)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निर्ययौ (niryayau) - departed, went out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yā

Root with prefix nis-.

Prefix: nis

Root: yā (class 2)

गजपुरात् (gajapurāt) - from Gajapura (Hastinapura)

(proper noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of gajapura

gajapura - Gajapura (an ancient name for Hastinapura, the capital of the Kauravas)

याजकैः (yājakaiḥ) - by priests, by those who perform Vedic rituals

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yājaka

yājaka - sacrificer, priest, one who performs Vedic rituals

Agent noun

Derived from the root √yaj (to worship, sacrifice, perform Vedic ritual) with suffix -aka.

Root: yaj (class 1)

परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivārita

parivārita - surrounded, encompassed, accompanied

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √vṛ (to cover, encompass) with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived, having observed

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Derived from the root √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निवृत्तम् (nivṛttam) - returned (from southward course) (returned, turned back, ceased)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - returned, turned back, ceased, finished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √vṛt (to turn, exist) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ādityam'.

आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun, a son of Aditi

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, a deity (son of Aditi)

प्रवृत्तम् (pravṛttam) - commenced, begun, started

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - commenced, begun, started, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √vṛt (to turn, exist) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'uttarāyaṇam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उत्तरायणम् (uttarāyaṇam) - northward course (of the sun)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttarāyaṇa

uttarāyaṇa - northward course of the sun (period of approx. 6 months from winter solstice)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (uttara+ayana)

• uttara – north, higher, later
  adjective
• ayana – going, course, path, movement
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from the root √i (to go).
  Root: i (class 2)