महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-128, verse-53

वैश्यस्य सततं धर्मः पाशुपाल्यं कृषिस्तथा ।
अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दो दानाध्ययनमेव च ॥५३॥

53. vaiśyasya satataṁ dharmaḥ pāśupālyaṁ kṛṣistathā ,
agnihotraparispando dānādhyayanameva ca.

53. vaiśyasya satatam dharmaḥ pāśupālyam kṛṣiḥ tathā
agnihotra-parispandaḥ dāna-adhyayanam eva ca

53. vaiśyasya satatam dharmaḥ pāśupālyam,
kṛṣiḥ,
tathā agnihotra-parispandaḥ,
dāna-adhyayanam ca eva (asti).

53. For the vaiśya, the constant intrinsic nature (dharma) involves animal husbandry, agriculture, and similarly, the performance of the (Vedic fire ritual) agnihotra, along with giving (dāna) and studying (adhyayana).

Words meanings summery:

• वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - for the vaiśya class (of the vaiśya (caste), belonging to the vaiśya)

• सततम् (satatam) - constant, always (constantly, perpetually, always)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature or duty (natural law, duty, righteousness)

• पाशुपाल्यम् (pāśupālyam) - animal husbandry (animal husbandry, cattle rearing, care of animals)

• कृषिः (kṛṣiḥ) - agriculture (agriculture, cultivation, farming)

• तथा (tathā) - and similarly (similarly, thus, and)

• अग्निहोत्र-परिस्पन्दः (agnihotra-parispandaḥ) - the performance of the (Vedic fire ritual) agnihotra (performance of the agnihotra ritual, activity related to fire rituals)

• दान-अध्ययनम् (dāna-adhyayanam) - giving charity (dāna) and scriptural study (adhyayana) (giving and studying, charity and scriptural study)

• एव (eva) - indeed, also (emphasizing inclusion) (indeed, only, just, quite)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - for the vaiśya class (of the vaiśya (caste), belonging to the vaiśya)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the third social class (traders, farmers, cattle-breeders)

Derived from viś (settlement, people) + ya suffix.

Note: Indicates possession or relation 'for the vaiśya'.

सततम् (satatam) - constant, always (constantly, perpetually, always)

(indeclinable)

From sa (with) + tata (spread out, extended).

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Adverbially modifies the implied connection between vaiśyasya and dharmaḥ.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature or duty (natural law, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

From root dhṛ (to hold, support) + man suffix.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for the following actions.

पाशुपाल्यम् (pāśupālyam) - animal husbandry (animal husbandry, cattle rearing, care of animals)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāśupālya

pāśupālya - animal husbandry, cattle rearing, care of animals

Derived from paśu (animal, cattle) + pāl (to protect) + ya suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paśu+pālya)

• paśu – animal, beast, cattle
  noun (masculine)
• pālya – to be protected, to be reared, to be guarded
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Derived from root pāl (to protect, cherish) + ya suffix.
  Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

कृषिः (kṛṣiḥ) - agriculture (agriculture, cultivation, farming)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛṣi

kṛṣi - agriculture, cultivation, farming

From root kṛṣ (to plough, cultivate) + i suffix.

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

तथा (tathā) - and similarly (similarly, thus, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects kṛṣiḥ with the following items.

अग्निहोत्र-परिस्पन्दः (agnihotra-parispandaḥ) - the performance of the (Vedic fire ritual) agnihotra (performance of the agnihotra ritual, activity related to fire rituals)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agnihotra-parispanda

agnihotra-parispanda - performance of the agnihotra ritual, activity related to fire rituals

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agnihotra+parispanda)

• agnihotra – a daily domestic Vedic fire ritual (homa)
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of agni (fire) and hotra (offering, sacrifice).
• parispanda – vibration, movement, activity, performance
  noun (masculine)
  From pari (around) + spand (to tremble, move) + a suffix.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: spand (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

दान-अध्ययनम् (dāna-adhyayanam) - giving charity (dāna) and scriptural study (adhyayana) (giving and studying, charity and scriptural study)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna-adhyayana

dāna-adhyayana - giving and studying, charity and scriptural study

Compound type : dvandva (dāna+adhyayana)

• dāna – giving, gift, charity, liberality
  noun (neuter)
  From root dā (to give) + ana suffix.
  Root: dā (class 3)
• adhyayana – study, reading, learning, especially of the Vedas
  noun (neuter)
  From adhi (prefix) + i (to go) + ana suffix.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

एव (eva) - indeed, also (emphasizing inclusion) (indeed, only, just, quite)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the inclusion of dāna-adhyayanam.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects dāna-adhyayanam to the preceding list of duties.