महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-128, verse-12

ततोऽहं लोकगुरुणा शमं नीतोऽर्थवेदिना ।
वृषं चेमं ध्वजार्थं मे ददौ वाहनमेव च ॥१२॥

12. tato'haṁ lokaguruṇā śamaṁ nīto'rthavedinā ,
vṛṣaṁ cemaṁ dhvajārthaṁ me dadau vāhanameva ca.

12. tataḥ aham lokaguruṇā śamam nītaḥ arthavedinā
vṛṣam ca imam dhvajārtham me dadau vāhanam eva ca

12. tataḥ aham lokaguruṇā arthavedinā śamam nītaḥ ca
imam vṛṣam me dhvajārtham vāhanam eva ca dadau

12. Then I was pacified by the world's preceptor (guru), who understands the true purpose. He also gave me this bull, to be both my emblem and my vehicle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thereafter, from that)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• लोकगुरुणा (lokaguruṇā) - by the world's preceptor (guru) (by the world-teacher)

• शमम् (śamam) - pacification, tranquility (peace, tranquility, cessation)

• नीतः (nītaḥ) - pacified (led, brought, pacified)

• अर्थवेदिना (arthavedinā) - by one who knows the true purpose (by the knower of meaning/purpose)

• वृषम् (vṛṣam) - bull (bull, male, virtue)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• इमम् (imam) - this

• ध्वजार्थम् (dhvajārtham) - for an emblem (for the purpose of a banner/emblem)

• मे (me) - to me, my

• ददौ (dadau) - gave (gave, bestowed)

• वाहनम् (vāhanam) - vehicle, mount (vehicle, mount, conveyance)

• एव (eva) - and (emphasizing its role as a vehicle too) (only, just, indeed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

लोकगुरुणा (lokaguruṇā) - by the world's preceptor (guru) (by the world-teacher)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of lokaguru

lokaguru - teacher of the world, world-preceptor

Compound type : genitive tatpurusha (loka+guru)

• loka – world, people, realm
  noun (masculine)
• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy
  noun (masculine)

शमम् (śamam) - pacification, tranquility (peace, tranquility, cessation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śama

śama - peace, tranquility, quietude, cessation

from root 'śam' (to be calm)

Root: śam (class 4)

नीतः (nītaḥ) - pacified (led, brought, pacified)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nī

nī - to lead, guide, carry

Past Passive Participle

root 'nī' with suffix '-ta'

Root: nī (class 1)

अर्थवेदिना (arthavedinā) - by one who knows the true purpose (by the knower of meaning/purpose)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arthavedin

arthavedin - knower of meaning, skilled in matters

compound of 'artha' (meaning) and 'vedin' (knower)

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+vedin)

• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• vedin – knowing, one who knows
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root 'vid' (to know) with suffix '-in'
  Root: vid (class 2)

वृषम् (vṛṣam) - bull (bull, male, virtue)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣa

vṛṣa - bull, male, chief, virtue, Shiva's vehicle

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

ध्वजार्थम् (dhvajārtham) - for an emblem (for the purpose of a banner/emblem)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvajārtha

dhvajārtha - for the sake of a banner, as an emblem

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhvaja+artha)

• dhvaja – banner, flag, emblem
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'for the purpose of being an emblem'

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Variant of mama/mahyam

ददौ (dadau) - gave (gave, bestowed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dā

perfect (liṭ)

root 'dā' with reduplication and strong stem for 3rd singular perfect active

Root: dā (class 3)

वाहनम् (vāhanam) - vehicle, mount (vehicle, mount, conveyance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vāhana

vāhana - vehicle, mount, carriage

from root 'vah' (to carry) with suffix '-ana'

Root: vah (class 1)

एव (eva) - and (emphasizing its role as a vehicle too) (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)