महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-128, verse-23

धर्मः किंलक्षणः प्रोक्तः कथं वाचरितुं नरैः ।
शक्यो धर्ममविन्दद्भिर्धर्मज्ञ वद मे प्रभो ॥२३॥

23. dharmaḥ kiṁlakṣaṇaḥ proktaḥ kathaṁ vācarituṁ naraiḥ ,
śakyo dharmamavindadbhirdharmajña vada me prabho.

23. dharmaḥ kiṃlakṣaṇaḥ proktaḥ katham vā ācaritum naraiḥ
śakyaḥ dharmam avindadbhiḥ dharmajña vada me prabho

23. dharmajña prabho dharmaḥ kiṃlakṣaṇaḥ proktaḥ vā dharmam
avindadbhiḥ naraiḥ katham ācaritum śakyaḥ vada me

23. O knower of (dharma), O Lord, what are the characteristics of this intrinsic nature (dharma) said to be? And how can it be practiced by people who do not grasp this intrinsic nature (dharma)? Please tell me.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• किंलक्षणः (kiṁlakṣaṇaḥ) - of what characteristic, having what marks, what is its nature

• प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - declared, stated, said, spoken

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• वा (vā) - or, either

• आचरितुम् (ācaritum) - to practice, to act, to behave, to perform

• नरैः (naraiḥ) - by men, by people

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible, capable, able

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• अविन्दद्भिः (avindadbhiḥ) - by those who do not know/find/understand

• धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of (dharma) (O knower of (dharma), one who knows (dharma))

• वद (vada) - tell, speak, say

• मे (me) - to me, my, for me

• प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord, O master, O powerful one

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

किंलक्षणः (kiṁlakṣaṇaḥ) - of what characteristic, having what marks, what is its nature

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kiṃlakṣaṇa

kiṁlakṣaṇa - of what characteristic, having what marks

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kim+lakṣaṇa)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition
  noun (neuter)
  Root: lakṣ (class 1)

प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - declared, stated, said, spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prokta

prokta - declared, stated, said, spoken

Past Passive Participle

From root vac with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

आचरितुम् (ācaritum) - to practice, to act, to behave, to perform

(verb)

infinitive of ācar

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

नरैः (naraiḥ) - by men, by people

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being, person

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible, capable, able

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, able, practicable

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

Derived from root śak ('to be able').

Root: śak (class 5)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अविन्दद्भिः (avindadbhiḥ) - by those who do not know/find/understand

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of avindat

avindat - not knowing, not finding, not understanding

Present Active Participle

From root vid ('to know, find') with negative prefix 'a-'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vindat)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
• vindat – finding, knowing, obtaining
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root vid ('to know, find').
  Root: vid (class 6)

धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of (dharma) (O knower of (dharma), one who knows (dharma))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of (dharma), expert in (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower, wise
  adjective
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

वद (vada) - tell, speak, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

मे (me) - to me, my, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Note: Can also be genitive, but here 'to me' is the sense.

प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord, O master, O powerful one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, powerful, eminent

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)